Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 First steps toward the genome size database of the Mediterranean flora BOU DAGHER-KHARRAT M. 1 , PUSTAHIJA F. 2,3 , FRIDLENDER A. 4 , ŠOLIĆ M.-E. 5 , BOGUNIĆ F. 2,3 , MURATOVIĆ E. 3 , BAŠIĆ N. 2,3 , BOURGE M. 6 , STEVANOVIĆ V. 7 , GARNATJE T. 8 , VALLÈS J. 9 , BROWN S. C. 6 , SILJAK- YAKOVLEV S. 2,10 1 Département Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Université Saint Joseph, Beyrouth 1107 2050, Liban. 2 Univ.of Sarajevo, Fac. of Sciences, Lab. for Research and Protection of Endemic Resources, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. 3 Faculty of Forestry, Univ. of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. 4 Université de Provence, Faculté des Sciences DENTES CASE Marseille, France. 5 Institute “Mountain and Sea”, Makarska, Croatia. 6 Pôle de Biologie Cellulaire, Imagif & IFR87, CNRS, Compartimentation Cellulaire, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS UPR 2355, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. 7 Botanical Institute and Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. 8 Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. 9 Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. 10 Université Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8079, Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique, Evolution; Orsay Cedex, France. Nuclear DNA content or genome size is an important biodiversity characters with fundamental biological significance. Information on C-value can be fruitfully utilized in numerous branches of plant science. It is also a useful trait in systematics and evolution. Flow cytometry permits the rapid and precise screening of genome size and ploidy level, hybrid identification, and detection of small differences in DNA content. A rapid overview of DNA C-values in large panels, possible through some papers, but much easier with on-line databases, can reveal interesting aspects such as interspecific, intraspecific, interpopulation and, most rarely, intrapopulation variation. Most frequently these reflect different ploidy levels or presence of B chromosomes. Several floristic, phytosociological or karyological databases are related to the inventory of biodiversity in the Mediterranean area. The largely most comprehensive database dealing with genome size (Kew plant C-values database) is very general (a worldwide compilation), and presents a number of data based on only one or a very few individuals from only one population an sometimes of imprecise provenance (often from seed banks or botanic gardens). In addition, as it is logical, nuclear DNA amount varies through the populations, reflecting intraspecific diversity, microspeciation processes and ecological isolation among other aspects, so that it is even worth complementing the current data sets with information from taxa already studied in other areas. Thanks to a huge number of field missions and to a large network of collaborators in different parts of the Mediterranean region, our team has obtained numerous results and acquired a big experience in genome size analysis on rare and endemic plants, and also on those just typical of Mediterranean habitats, both at specific and population scales. As a result of this plant collecting and genome size estimation effort, and starting with several important works on Balkan and Lebanon floras, we initiated a database of genome size for Mediterranean region (currently containing up to 642 taxa for Balkans and 225 for Lebanon). Some of these results have been or will be integrated into studies with complementary methods to address speciation and evolution of species complexes and to perform studies on endemism and biodiversity dynamics. Progressively, all data concerning Mediterranean region will be incorporated into an interactive database of Mediterranean flora. In this communication we describe the conception of this database as well as its current state and its foreseen development. 83
XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Bupleurum (Apiaceae) in the Mediterranean: Species boundaries and underestimated diversity NEVES S. S. ITQB – Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal. E-mail: sneves@itqb.unl.pt Bupleurum L. (~180-190 species) is one of the largest and most diverse genera in Apiaceae. It includes annual and perennial herbs, and about a dozen shrubby species. It is widely distributed in the World (Northern Hemisphere), with great diversity in the Mediterranean region, where is represented by more than 100 species. Most annual species of Bupleurum are well characterized, thanks to the remarkable work of Swedish botanist Sven Snogerup, who has also discovered many new species in the genus. However, many perennial Bupleurum species remain poorly understood and require much further study. An example of the problems that persist in Bupleurum is the case of B. ranunculoides L., a European species of morphologically diverse populations with multiple cytotypes and various ploidy levels. In the 18 th century, some populations and variants of B. ranunculoides were recognized as distinct species, but later treated under a single species name, a concept that is still used in the present day. My study of herbarium collections and available cytogenetic data suggest that the current species concept in B. ranunculoides is hiding the real diversity in this group of plants and needs revision. Species limits are also unclear among the taxa that have been associated to, and often included within, B. falcatum L., a widespread and highly polymorphic group of plants. My study of B. falcatum s.l., using morphology and molecular data, suggest that the broad species concept that has been used in the group is inadequate and does not reflect real species boundaries. In this communication, I discuss species delimitation problems in Mediterranean and European species of Bupleurum, addressing in particular the cases of B. ranunculoides and B. falcatum. I also discuss the crucial role that digitization efforts, in many herbaria and botanical libraries, can play in bringing to light new species and forgotten species names, some of which could in fact correspond to real species. 84
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Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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