GUIDELINES FOR THE CURATION OF GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS

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fake minerals. These include some of the most toxic substances ever likely to be encountered so great care is essential, especially if the curator is inexperienced. 2.2.1.1. Known orsuspected toxic minerals Minerals containing the following chemicals; Antimony - native and combined as sulphides, antimonides etc., and antimonates. Arsenic- native and sulphides, realgar and orpiment; as oxides, claudetite and arsenolite (highly toxic); and chemically combined in a number of arsenate minerals. Barium - witherite, nitrobarite and frankdicksonite (rare) are soluble and toxic. Bismuth - native and combined. Boron - all boron minerals should be treated carefully as they are often soluble. Copper - has a number of very soluble minerals known to be toxic. Fluorine - any fluoride mineral that can dissociate in the stomach will be highly toxic. Lead - a large group of minerals, the more hazardous soluble members include the arsenates, carbonates, chlorides, oxides, phosphates and sulphates. Galena is not normally considered hazardous. Mercury - native (also its vapour), and its sulphide minerals. Oxalates - a rare group of minerals. Selenium - native and the oxide selenolite are toxic; other selenium minerals should be treated with care. Thallium - an extremely toxic metal occurs as a number of rare sulphide minerals and an oxide. Decomposition products are highly soluble and toxic. Uranium - in addition to its radioactivity it is toxic and causes kidney damage. Zinc - native (rare), and its minerals kottigite, zincite and goslarite are toxic. In addition, dusts from many minerals, if inhaled, can cause a varying degree of inflammation and injury (see below). Information may be o~tained from a number of Government departments. especially the Health and Safety Executive. 2.2.2. Physical toxicity hazards Included here are those hazards arising from the inherent physical characteristics of some minerals, i.e. sharp edges, fibrous habit etc., and the potential hazards of skin contact, i.e. allergic sensitivity, dermatitis. If a specimen is glassy or spiky or covered with brittle needles it is likely to cause injury if handled carelessly. Always look carefully before handling, and wear gloves if necessary. This applies more to collecting as close examination may not be possible. The obviously hazardous minerals are the fibrous zeolites, fibrous or acicular forms of amphiboles (tremolite, actinolite etc.), pectolite, epidote, okenite and scholzite. Almost any mineral can have sharp edges. Skin contact with some substances can cause irritation or, in certain individuals, severe dermatitis. If an individual shows such a reaction medical advice should be taken. Petroleum oil, bitumen and hydrocarbon mineral substances may be hazardous in this way, as well as possibly being carcinogenic by absorption. A greater potential hazard is from the fibrous asbestos minerals which are recognised human carcinogens and no truly safe level of exposure is acceptable. It
appears to be the dimensions of the airborne fibres that give these minerals their harmful character, but any inhaled fibres and dust may cause, at the very least, irritation or inflammation of the delicate internal membranes. At worst they can be carcinogenic or lead to pneumonoconiosis. Clay and quartz dusts are recognised industrial hazards and if exposed to these in collections then masks should be worn and advice heeded of the Environmental Health Officer or Safety Officer. Exposure to dusts can occur during laboratory specimen preparation and there are regulations concerning the extraction of dusts produced in workshops and laboratories (see section 63 in Health and Safety in Factories (Fife & Machin 1982) or consult with the Environmental Health Officer of the local authority or your institutions's Safety Officer.)
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A . GUIDELINES FOR THE CURATION '-
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CONTENTS Part A INTRODUCTION ACQUI
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GUIDELINES FOR CURATION OF GEOLOGI
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involved at all stages of curation
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ACQUISITION: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDA
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environomental (i.e. site) conserva
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PRIMARY ACQUISITION: COLLECTING AND
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clearly and indelibly labelled with
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2.1.3.2. Geochemistry 2.1.3.3. Geop
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2.2.1.3. Purchase 2.2.1.4. Exchange
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2.2.2.2. Private collectors This ca
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ACQUISITION DOCUMENTATION INTRODUCT
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DOCUMENTATION OF SPECIMENS DURING P
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Against the corresponding number in
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DOCUMENTATION GENERAL INTRODUCTION
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measurements, descriptions, photogr
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Fig. 3. Cataloguing a specimen usin
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Specimen Identity Numbers may be su
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ldentn Comment Object(s) OBJECT EXA
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Cooper (1982), Mayer (1974, 1976),
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its entitlement to retain a specime
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or otherwise borrowed. Those which
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must be that in which a specimen is
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must be used. An extendible numberi
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Multiple classifications and cross-
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itself the task of describing, figu
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4.4.1.2. Minerals 4.4.1.3. Rocks ne
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4.4.2. Identity and identification
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The MDA Geology Specimen Card allow
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4.4.2.6. Status A specimen acquires
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4.4.3.3. Colour Colour is a notorio
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Regis, Charmouth; for Whitby, Saltw
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Redundant or shifting countries and
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4.4.4.3. Collection This system, al
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at tracing the history and fate of
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Of immediate concern is the questio
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other information of significance m
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y documentation, development, techn
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The movement of a specimen is an ev
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When a specimen is replaced in its
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the nature of a specimen and within
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5.4.2. The documentation of complex
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6.1.1.2. conditions of loans a lett
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description of borrowed items (incl
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ecome separated from their accompan
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paragraphs above. It should be note
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6.2.2.4. Outlineprocedure for dispo
Page 98 and 99: SPECIMEN PRESERVATION SUMMARY AND R
Page 100 and 101: 3.8.2. Photographic materials 3.8.
Page 102 and 103: Archives C3.8.1. The care and maint
Page 104 and 105: protection and specific treatments,
Page 106 and 107: field. The excavation of unstable f
Page 108 and 109: to storing the broken pieces unasse
Page 110 and 111: Borates. Most alter (dehydrate) to
Page 112 and 113: strength. Dental silicone moulding
Page 114 and 115: solution of the particular mineral.
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 11. Table of materials which m
Page 118 and 119: all exterior doors and windows requ
Page 120 and 121: locks of rock, for later laboratory
Page 122 and 123: Both the nature of the geological m
Page 124 and 125: ideal (e.g. BM(NH) London; Nat. Mus
Page 126 and 127: a considerable commitment from the
Page 128 and 129: of all of these specimens in the ev
Page 130 and 131: Stony meteorites should be doubly b
Page 132 and 133: obscure the sectioned material. By
Page 134 and 135: mould, fungi or bacteria, fluorish
Page 136 and 137: 3.8.1.4. Repair 3.8.1.5. Binding Th
Page 138: The National Reprographic Centre fo
Page 141 and 142: Museum safety OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS:
Page 143 and 144: gives regulations for the design an
Page 145 and 146: 2.1.1. Storage 2.1.2. Display While
Page 147: mineral is a minor constituent are
Page 152 and 153: Secondary types Figured specimens C
Page 154 and 155: USES COLLECTIONS PREAMBLE In this P
Page 156 and 157: The criteria for selection of speci
Page 158 and 159: definition of a locality here is di
Page 160 and 161: museum on completion or abandonment
Page 162: Specimen-based publications Publish
Page 165 and 166: For details of palaeontological nom
Page 167 and 168: 2.4.5. Referred specimens When an a
Page 169 and 170: the visitor. Either way, it fails t
Page 171 and 172: methods but do remember the need fo
Page 173 and 174: EXHIEITIONTITLE "LOST WORLDS " UNIT
Page 175 and 176: REFERENCES AND APPENDICES
Page 177 and 178: REF 2 BRUNTON, C. H. C. 1980. The u
Page 179 and 180: REF 4 persons exposed to ionising
Page 181 and 182: REF 6 OBRUCHEV, D. V. 1964. Agnatha
Page 183 and 184: REF 8 TAYLOR, H. A. 1980. The arran
Page 185 and 186: APP 2 .Museum use. NB. These glues
Page 187 and 188: APP 4 Tufskin. Alfred Adams & Co. L
Page 189 and 190: APP 6 0 Silicones and thermosetting
Page 191 and 192: APP 8 BARBOLA MODELLING PASTE Alec
Page 193 and 194: APP 10 GAUZE, cotton (B.P.B. Absorb
Page 195 and 196: APP 12 PLASTONE self-hardening mode
Page 197 and 198: APP 14 SEPARATORS and RELEASE AGENT
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APP 16 STORAGE SHELVING Bruynzeel S
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APP 18 Road, Linlithgow Bridge, Lin
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APP 20 FERRY PICKERING BOXES LTD.,
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APP 20 FERRY PICKERING BOXES LTD.,
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FERRY PICKERING BOXES LTD., 53 Mead
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APP 22 MONEY HICKS LTD, 49 Clapham
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APP 24 SOLMEDIA LTD, 31 Orford Road
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APPENDIX 3 NATIONAL SCHEME FOR GEOL
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APP 29 a resource for internal use
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29. AVON, SOMERSET. GLOUCESTERSHIRE
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GUIDELINES FOR THE CURATION OF GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS

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