Sonnet User's Guide - Sonnet Software

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<strong>Sonnet</strong> User’s <strong>Guide</strong> S-Parameters from em with de-embedding. S-parameters from em without de-embedding -R -C R Device Under Test C Block cascaded to negate box-wall port discontinuity Box-wall port discontinuity De-embedding automatically cancels the discontinuity associated with a box-wall port. Shifting Reference Planes Transmission lines are required in many circuits to connect ports to the device under test (DUT). If the length of a transmission line is more than a few degrees relative to a wavelength, unwanted phase (and possibly loss) will be added to the S- parameter results. If the impedance of the transmission line differs from the normalizing impedance of the S-parameters (usually 50 ohms), an additional error in the S-parameters results. Thus, if we are only interested in the behavior of the DUT, any “long” transmission lines connecting the ports to the DUT should be removed during de-embedding. The process of removing lengths of transmission line during de-embedding is known as “shifting reference planes”. Reference planes may be specified in the project editor for box-wall, co-calibrated, and auto-grounded ports, but not ungrounded-internal and via ports. When em detects a reference plane, and de-embedding is enabled, it automatically builds and analyzes the calibration standards necessary to de-embed the port and shift the reference plane by the specified length. 102
Chapter 7 De-embedding NOTE: Reference planes are not necessary for de-embedding. If you do not specify a reference plane in the project editor for a box-wall or autogrounded port, the reference plane length defaults to zero. This means that em will not shift the reference plane for that port when de-embedding is enabled. However, em will remove the discontinuity for that port. Single Feed Line The figure below shows a circuit with a length of transmission line, TRL, inserted between a box-wall port and the device under test. Transmission line S-parameters from em without de-embedding R C TRL Box-wall port discontinuity Device Under Test Port discontinuity and transmission line associated with a box-wall port. 103
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