Sonnet User's Guide - Sonnet Software

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Sonnet User’s Guide contains a reference plane, then the first calibration length is the same length as the reference plane and the second length is double the first. If no reference plane exists, Sonnet chooses one for you. If you are having trouble with de-embedding, you may want to change this calibration length using the following sections as a guide. If you are using reference planes, you can simply change your reference plane length, and the calibration lengths will change accordingly. If you are not using reference planes, then you can set the calibration length using Circuit ⇒ Ref. Plane/ Cal Length. This allows you to set the first calibration length. The second is always twice as long as the first. Defining Reference Planes Sonnet places very few restrictions on the reference planes which may be defined for a given circuit. This is done intentionally so as to provide maximum flexibility for all users. However, there are some basic guidelines concerning reference planes that should almost always be followed. These guidelines are discussed below. De-embedding Without Reference Planes De-embedding does not require reference planes. Reference planes are optional for all box-wall, co-calibrated, and auto-grounded ports. If you do not specify a reference plane for a particular port in the project editor, em will assume a zerolength reference plane for that port. This means that de-embedding will remove the discontinuity associated with that particular port, but will not shift the reference plane for it. As discussed in the next section, em may generate bad de-embedded results if you attempt to remove a very short (but greater than zero) reference plane. However, if you de-embed without a reference plane, em will not attempt to remove any length of transmission line at all. As a result, de-embedding without a reference plane does not lead to any error. Therefore, we recommend that you de-embed without reference planes rather than specify very short, non-zero, reference plane lengths. 108
Chapter 8 De-embedding Guidelines Reference Plane Length Minimums If the reference plane or calibration standard is very short relative to the substrate thickness or the width of the transmission line, em may generate poor de-embedded results. This is due to one or both of the following reasons which are illustrated below: Fringing fields from DUT interact with fringing fields from port. 1 DUT 1 2 First calibration standard is too short. Port #1 interacts with port #2. Box Wall Metal Box Poor de-embedding results may be obtained when very short (but non-zero) reference plane lengths are used. • The port is too close to the device under test (DUT). There are fringing fields associated with the port and separate fringing fields associated with the DUT. If the port and DUT are too close, the fringing fields interact. The de-embedding algorithm (which is virtually identical to algorithms used in de-embedding measured data) is based on circuit theory and cannot handle fringing field interaction. See reference [66] in Appendix II, “Sonnet References,” for a detailed description of the problem. • The first calibration standard is too short. In this situation, the discontinuity associated with port #1 interacts with the discontinuity associated with port #2. As a result, the first calibration standard does not “behave” like a transmission line and its S-parameters are invalid. There is no precise rule as to how long a reference plane or calibration standard must be made in order to prevent the above effects from corrupting the de-embedded results. The required reference plane or calibration standard length is dependent upon the circuit geometry and the nature of the analysis. However, we recommend that you use reference plane or calibration standard lengths equal to or greater than one substrate thickness. This is sufficient for most types of analysis. 109
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