a review - Acta Technica Corviniensis

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technology of AWJ. In: ERIN 2009. - Ostrava : VŠB TU, 2009 P. 1-5. - ISBN 9788024819822 [4.] FABIAN, S., KRENICKÝ, T., BIČEJOVÁ, Ľ., Vibrodiagnostic monitoring in technology of AWJ. In: Mechanical Engineering SI 2008. - Bratislava : STU, 2008, pp. 1-8. [5.] NOVÁKOVÁ, M., PAVLENKO, S. Experimental determining of technological process parameters of thin sheet metal rotary shaping / Martina Nováková, Slavko Pavlenko - 2010. - 1 elektronický optický disk (CD-ROM). In: Studia i materialy. Vol. 26-29, no. 1-2 (2010), p. 2-7. - ISSN 0860-7761 [6.] PAVLENKO, S., HAĽKO, J., MAŠČENIK, J., NOVÁKOVÁ, M., Navrhovanie súčastí strojov s podporou PC. Prešov: FVT TU, - 2008. - 347 s. - ISBN 978-80-553-0166-2 (in Slovak) [7.] VASILKO, K., GOMBÁR, M., The influence of machining parameters on the machined surface quality. In: Modern Metrology in Quality Management Systems. - Kielce: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Swietokryzskiej, 2006 P. 275-284. [8.] VASILKO, K., GOMBÁR, M., Identifikácia vzťahu rezných podmienok a morfológie obrobenej plochy = The identification relation cutting conditions and morfologie cut surface. In: Nové smery vo výrobných technológiách 2006. - Košice : FVT TU, 2006 pp. 132-135 ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS – Bulletin of Engineering ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS – BULLETIN of ENGINEERING ISSN: 2067-3809 [CD-Rom, online] copyright © UNIVERSITY POLITEHNICA TIMISOARA, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING HUNEDOARA, 5, REVOLUTIEI, 331128, HUNEDOARA, ROMANIA http://acta.fih.upt.ro 116 2013. Fascicule 2 [April–June]
1. G. ADEDOKUN, 2. J.A. OLADOSU, 3. T. K. AJIBOYE SMALL HYDRO POWER POTENTIAL CAPACITY ESTIMATION FOR PROVISION OF RURAL ELECTRICITY IN NIGERIA 1,2. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, OSUN STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, ESA-OKE, NIGERIA 3. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, NIGERIA ABSTRACT: Nigeria’s electricity demand increases due to growth in industrialization and socioeconomic weight. Regrettably, power industry of the country has not been able to satisfy the need of their customers. Therefore, if the country is to meet its energy demand alternative sources of power generation are very essential. Opportunities abound in hydropower scheme development as a viable energy source of electricity which will curtail and minimize greenhouse gases and emissions into environment. Meanwhile, there are small rivers all over the country with potential sites suitable for small hydropower scheme, development of which will ensure the supply of electricity to remote communities. This can be used as a substitute for commercial fuels, which effect reduce cost of fuelling and raise the earning potential of the rural communities. KEYWORDS: power, generation, small hydropower, potential, capacity, install, gross head, net head, electricity INTRODUCTION Energy is the essential locomotive for economic growth and accelerated development of a country. There is a straight correlation between per capital earnings and the use of energy; thus, this is a direct gauge of quality of life and a key factor in fight for poverty lessening. Country`s energy demand increases day by day; unluckily, myriad of technical and administrative challenges have been bedeviling electrical power generation and utilization in Nigeria. Hence, alternative sources of power generation have to be invented if country is to meet its energy demand and attain the desired industrial and economic development. Opportunities thrive in small hydropower (SHP) schemes development as a viable source of energy for electricity generation. Small hydro power scheme is defined as any hydro power installation rated less than 10MW installed capacity (Odesanya, 2005). There are many small rivers all over the country with potential sites fitting for SHP schemes, the progress of which will provide electricity to isolated communities; then, used as a substitute for commercial fuels, which effect reduces cost of fuelling and raises earning potential of the rural communities. However, the only problem often encountered in SHP growth is how to determine the potential capacity of the proposed site because the hydropower potential is limited by the intermittent nature of rivers flows which have high water discharges during rainy and very low discharges in dry season. Consequently, in hydropower projects site selection, water discharge and head are fundamental; so the proposed site having a good combination has to be investigated. While the head at a site is constant, the available flow rates are highly variable; so, study of maximum flows is very important from the point of design or installed capacity; the average flows is important from the consideration of the energy output and minimum flows are required to predict dependable plant capacity. Since, the entire quantity available at a site (except flood flow) is utilized in power production, the study of water demand for hydropower amount to collection of stream flow data and their analysis. Usually the analysis relates to the preparation of flow-duration curves, which indicates the magnitude of discharge against the percentage of time the discharge is exceeded at a site (Nwachukwu, 2005). Therefore, stream flow is an important parameter in determining the maximum power derivable from any flowing river, hence the focus of this work is to examine the easy and less expensive methods of estimating the potential capacity of a stream for effective power generation. METHOD OF STUDY. Theoretical background Small hydropower scheme makes use of falling water in a stream, river or storage dam to generate electric power. The water falling through the storage and level of the turbines gains kinetic energy which it then impacts to turbine blades of alternator. The power P available from a hydro scheme is given by (Weedy, 1979) P = ρ g Q H ( watt) (1) where, Q is the flow rate (m 3 /s) of the water through the turbine blades, © copyright FACULTY of ENGINEERING ‐ HUNEDOARA, ROMANIA 117
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ROLE OF METAMODELING Detailed resea
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economy, packaging and knock limita
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satisfy constraints. This technique
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metamodel driven conceptual design
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The wire movement is reported to th
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Figure 5 presents the cross-recepta
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Electrochem
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REFERENCES [1.] Velisek, J.; Cejpek
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October 2008 (6.200 BAR) Figure 1.
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Figure 5. High pressure connection
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Table 2: Ranges of variables select
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which solves the problem of mobile
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Figure 5. Diagram illustrating the
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CONCLUSIONS Based on the discussed
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market and competitive price. This
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