a review - Acta Technica Corviniensis

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problem”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.127, No.2, 2000, pp. 394-407. [14.] M.M. Khattab and K. Soyland, “Limited resources allocation in construction projects”, Computers and Industrial Engineering, Vol.31, No.1-2, 1996, pp. 229-232. [15.] R. Kolisch, A. Sprecher and A. Drexl, "Characterization and generation of a general class of resource-constrained project scheduling problems”, Management Science, Vol.41, 1995, pp.1693-1703. [16.] E. Sripresert and N. Dawood, “Multi-constraint information management and visualisation for collaborative planning and control in construction”, ITcon, Vol.8, 2003, pp. 341-366. [17.] D. Kruger and A. Scholl, “Modelling general resource transfers in (multi-) project scheduling”, Jena Research Papers in Business and Economics, Jena, 2007. [18.] A. Lova, P. Tormos and F. Barber, “Multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling: scheduling schemes, priority rules and mode selection rules”, Inteligencia Artificial, Revista Iberoamericana de Inteligencia Artificial, No.30, 2006, pp. 69-86. [19.] R. Gareis, “Happy Projects!”, Manz Verlag, Vienna, Austria, (2005). (in english). ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS – Bulletin of Engineering ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS – BULLETIN of ENGINEERING ISSN: 2067‐3809 [CD‐Rom, online] copyright © UNIVERSITY POLITEHNICA TIMISOARA, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING HUNEDOARA, 5, REVOLUTIEI, 331128, HUNEDOARA, ROMANIA http://acta.fih.upt.ro 70 2013. Fascicule 2 [April–June]
1. Saša RANĐELOVIĆ, 2. Dragan MIŠIĆ, 3. Miroslav TRAJANOVIĆ, 4. Nikola VITKOVIĆ, 5. Marko VESELINOVIĆ CUSTOMIZATION OF ORTHOPEDIC INTERNAL FIXATOR 1-5. UNIVERSITY OF NIŠ, FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, SERBIA ABSTRACT: Customization and adjustment of medical devices and elements for external and internal fixation is a major challenge in modern orthopedic surgery. As a result a large number of minor and serious illnesses and injuries, congenital disorders, or more often emerging with a large number of anatomical requirements, impose the various technical requirements to be met with one, two or more orthopedic element. Modern lifestyle and pace of today's man activities carries great dangers and risks. At a given moment and inception health condition, expert team will usually need to react very fast, high quality and tested to achieve the desired effect. Since this is a human health or the disruption and damage to his bones and joint system, orthopedic devices and components shall as far as possible be adapted to meet the technical requirements and standards set. KEYWORDS: Orthopedic fixation, production, orthopedic material, FEM analysis INTRODUCTION Type of injury or disease stage directly determines the medical diagnosis and therefore the medical procedure to be undertaken. In real conditions, in addition to the usual procedures, medical equipment and supplies, sometimes is not enough to use standard components of the implant because of unusual anatomy or potential risk of postoperative complications, such as aseptic weakening. The usual reason for aseptic weakening is the uneven distribution of mechanical stress to the bone volume and the irregular 3D surfaces of bones. This problem can be solved using customization implant design, customized to the specific characteristics of the patient's anatomy. DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF FIXATIONS Tibia is situated at the medial side of the leg and composed of middle part (tibial shaft - body) and two extremities: proximal part and distal part. Proximally the tibia has a broad articular surface which articulates with the femur [1]. Tibial plateau (proximal/superior articular surface) fractures are typically complex fractures associated with poor outcomes and a high rate of complications and their treatment remains problematic [2]. Fixation method with Mitkovic’s internal fixator type TPL (tibia-plato-lateral) is possible treatment solution for such kind of injuries. Fixator needs to fit onto the proximal lateral tibia surface. Therefore, in order to obtain the best possible fit, anatomically pre-contouring of Mitkovic’s TPL fixator is well solution. Customization can be undertaken by changing values of dimensions of geometrical entities for previously created 3D fixator model. New values can be obtained from certain radiology image of the bone [3]. Research and development for customization production of orthopedic implants is typically related to direct manufacturing technologies [4,5]. New equipment for the rapid production of prototypes (rapid-manufacturing) allows much greater efficiency in small series or individual production. Figure 1. Lower Extremities, 1. Femur, 2. Tibia, 3. Fibula [3] Figure 2. Customization of proximal part of Mitkovic’s TPL fixator in order to achieve accurate fixation for specific patient’s tibia bone The latest methods used for the direct production of high strength materials such as titanium, is the melting of the electron beam (electron-beam melting - EBM). © copyright FACULTY of ENGINEERING ‐ HUNEDOARA, ROMANIA 71
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