THE EGS5 CODE SYSTEM

More documents

Recommendations

Info

[44] E. Casnati, A. Tartari, and C. Baraldi. An empirical approach to K-shell ionisation cross section by electrons. J. Phys. B, 16:505, 1983. [45] A. Clark (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory). Private communication with W. R. Nelson and R. L. Ford, August 1977. [46] H. M. Colbert. SANDYL: A computer program for calculating combined photon-electron transport in complex systems. Report SCL-DR-720109, Sandia Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 1973. [47] M. Conti, A. Del Guerra, D. Mazzei, P. Russo, W. Bencivelli, E. Bartolucci, A. Messineo, V. Rosso, A. Stefanini, U. Bottigli, P. Randaccio, and W. R. Nelson. Use of the EGS4 Monte Carlo code to evaluate the response of HgI 2 and CdTe detectors for photons in the diagnostic energy range. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 322:591–595, 1992. [48] A. J. Cook. Mortran3 user’s guide. Technical Memorandum CGTM 209, SLAC Computation Research Group, 1983. [49] H. Davies, H. A. Bethe, and L. C. Maximon. Theory of bremsstrahlung and pair production. II. Integral cross section for pair production. Phys. Rev., 92:788, 1954. [50] C. M. Davisson and R. D. Evans. Gamma-ray absorption coefficients. Rev. Mod. Phys., 24:79–107, 1952. [51] A. Del Guerra, W. R. Nelson, and P. Russo. A simple method to introduce K-edge sampling for compounds in the code EGS4 for X-ray element analysis. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 306:378– 385, 1991. [52] S. Duane, A. F. Bielajew, and D. W. O. Rogers. Use of ICRU-37/NBS collision stopping powers in the EGS4 system. Report PIRS-0173, National Research Council of Canada, 1989. [53] R. D. Evans. The Atomic Nucleus. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1955. [54] B. A. Faddegon, C. K. Ross, and D. W. O. Rogers. Angular distribution of bremsstrahlung from 15 MeV electrons incident on thick targets of Be, Al and Pb. Med. Phys., 18:727–739, 1991. [55] E. L. Feinberg and I. Pomeranchuk. High energy inelastic diffraction phenomena. Nuovo Cimento, 3:652, 1956. [56] J. M. Fernández-Varea, R. Mayol, J. Baró, and F. Salvat. On the theory and simulation of multiple elastic scattering of electrons. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 73:447–473, 1993. [57] R. B. Firestone and V. S. Shirley, editors. Table of Isotopes. Wiley & Sons, New York, 8th edition, 1996. [58] J. Fischer. Beiträge zur Theorie der Absorption von Röntgenstrahlen. Ann. Physik, 8:821– 850, 1931. 412
[59] K. Flöttmann. Investigations toward the development of polarized and unpolarized high intensity positron sources for linear colliders . Report DESY-93-161, Deutsches Elektronen- Synchrotron, 1993. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades des Fachbereichs Physik der Universität Hamburg. [60] R. L. Ford, B. L. Beron, R. L. Carrington, R. Hofstadter, E. B. Hughes, G. I. Kirkbridge, L. H. O’Neill, and J. W. Simpson. Performance of large, modularized NaI(Tl) detectors . Report HEPL-789, Stanford University High Energy Physics Laboratory, 1976. [61] R. L. Ford and W. R. Nelson. The EGS code system: Computer programs for the Monte Carlo simulation of electromagnetic cascade showers (version 3). Report SLAC-210, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, 1978. [62] M. L. Goldberger. The interaction of high energy neutrons and heavy nuclei. Phys. Rev., 74:1269–1277, 1948. [63] S. A. Goudsmit and J. L. Saunderson. Multiple scattering of electrons. Phys. Rev., 57:24–29, 1940. [64] S. A. Goudsmit and J. L. Saunderson. Multiple scattering of electrons. II. Phys. Rev., 58:36–42, 1940. [65] M. Gryziński. Classical theory of atomic collisions. I. Theory of inelastic collisions. Phys. Rev. A, 138:336–358, 1965. [66] M. Gryziński. Two-particle collisions. I. General relations for collisions in the laboratory system. Phys. Rev. A, 138:305–321, 1965. [67] M. Gryziński. Two-particle collisions. II. Coulomb collisions in the laboratory system of coordinates. Phys. Rev. A, 138:322–335, 1965. [68] J. A. Halbleib, Sr., and W. H. Vandevender. CYLTRAN. Nucl. Sci. Eng., 61:288–289, 1976. [69] P. R. Halmos. Measure Theory. Van Nostrand Co., Princeton, NJ, 1950. [70] J. H. Hammersley and D. C. Handscomb. Monte Carlo Methods. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1964. [71] W. Heitler. The Quantum Theory of Radiation. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1954. [72] H. Hirayama and Y. Namito. Implementation of a general treatment of photoelectric-related phenomena for compounds or mixtures in EGS4. KEK Internal 2000-3, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan, 2000. [73] H. Hirayama and Y. Namito. Implementation of a general treatment of photoelectric-related phenomena for compounds or mixtures in EGS4 (revised version). KEK Internal 2004-6, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan, 2004. [74] H. Hirayama, Y. Namito, and S. Ban. Effects of linear polarisation and Doppler broadening on the exposure buildup factors of low-energy gamma rays. KEK Preprint 93-186, National Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Japan, 1994. 413
Page 1 and 2:
THE EGS5 CODE SYSTEM 1 Hideo Hiraya
Page 3 and 4:
Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Inten
Page 5 and 6:
2.15.6 Electron Step-Size Selection
Page 7 and 8:
B.4.9 Output of Results (Step 9) .
Page 9 and 10:
List of Figures 2.1 Program flow an
Page 11 and 12:
C.4 Subprogram relationships in PEG
Page 13 and 14:
B.5 Variable descriptions for COMMO
Page 15 and 16:
PREFACE In the nineteen years since
Page 17 and 18:
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Intent o
Page 19 and 20:
“shower book”. For various reas
Page 21 and 22:
1.2.2 EGS1 About this time Nelson b
Page 23 and 24:
MSCAT. These versions of EGS, PEGS,
Page 25 and 26:
ten for energies less than 100 MeV
Page 27 and 28:
- Molière multiple scattering (i.e
Page 29 and 30:
EGS5. The primary advantages of thi
Page 31 and 32:
ICRU37-compliant using the NIST dat
Page 33 and 34:
high Z materials. Del Guerra et al.
Page 35 and 36:
One of these six cross sections is
Page 37 and 38:
at low energies. The latter, couple
Page 39 and 40:
If E 1 and E 2 are expressions invo
Page 41 and 42:
The result of this algorithm is tha
Page 43 and 44:
2.4 Particle Transport Simulation T
Page 45 and 46:
from appropriate distribution funct
Page 47 and 48:
parameters which may be needed. The
Page 49 and 50:
arrived at their values in a very m
Page 51 and 52:
Math FORTRAN Program Table 2.1 (con
Page 53 and 54:
Figure 2.2: Feynman diagrams for br
Page 55 and 56:
defined by δ ij = 1 if i = j, 0 ot
Page 57 and 58:
Davies, Bethe and Maximon[49] (e.g.
Page 59 and 60:
cross section given in Equation 2.4
Page 61 and 62:
and use this as the variable to be
Page 63 and 64:
we have Now define δ ′ = ∆ C
Page 65 and 66:
This agrees with formula (10) of Bu
Page 67 and 68:
That is, using Equations 2.122 and
Page 69 and 70:
d˘Σ P air, Run−time dE = [ 2 3
Page 71 and 72:
Angular distribution formulas The f
Page 73 and 74:
at either x = 0, x = (πE 0 ) 2 (i.
Page 75 and 76:
The following table, derived from t
Page 77 and 78:
Figure 2.3: Feynman diagrams for tw
Page 79 and 80:
where X 0 = radiation length (cm),
Page 81 and 82:
where α ′ 1 = α ′ 2 = k 0 ′
Page 83 and 84:
+ 1 E 2 ′ − 1 E 1 ′ − C 2 l
Page 85 and 86:
PEGS functions BHABDM, BHABRM, and
Page 87 and 88:
To find the limits of E, we first c
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 2.5: Feynman diagram for sin
Page 91 and 92:
Ī adj = average adjusted mean ioni
Page 93 and 94:
Table 2.2 (cont.) Z Symbol Atomic D
Page 95 and 96:
Table 2.3 (cont.) LABEL a m s x 0 x
Page 97 and 98:
(c) If 10.5 ≤ −C < 11.0 then x
Page 99 and 100:
obtain the real scattering angle. E
Page 101 and 102:
ρ = material mass density (g/cm 3
Page 103 and 104:
Hence, so that ln [1.13 + 3.76(αZ
Page 105 and 106:
g 3 (θ) = θ4 ( ) λf (0) (θ) + f
Page 107 and 108:
Actually, b = 0 does not correspond
Page 109 and 110:
Assume that an electron starts off
Page 111 and 112:
At small path lengths t, a very lar
Page 113 and 114:
x Final Direction φ Θ ∆x t Init
Page 115 and 116:
shown that this version of the rand
Page 117 and 118:
and as we noted earlier, they are d
Page 119 and 120:
Final Direction x Energy Hinges φ
Page 121 and 122:
Transport Steps, ∆ E = E x ESTEPE
Page 123 and 124:
tranport step 1 DEINITIAL1 DERESID1
Page 125 and 126:
= ∆E ( ∣ ∣∣∣ dE −1 ∣
Page 127 and 128:
Since the CSDA range is uniquely de
Page 129 and 130:
short steps accurate, but slow step
Page 131 and 132:
Table 2.4: Materials used in refere
Page 133 and 134:
Average Lateral Displacement (cm) 0
Page 135 and 136:
100 MeV Electrons 0.01 0.001 Li C L
Page 137 and 138:
actions involving photons with ener
Page 139 and 140:
Cu 40 keV Counts (/keV/sr/source) 1
Page 141 and 142:
Table 2.6: Data sources for general
Page 143 and 144:
2.16.2 Photoelectron Angular Distri
Page 145 and 146:
where r 0 is the classical electron
Page 147 and 148:
second term on the right-hand side
Page 149 and 150:
Z θ k Y O φ e 0 X k 0 Figure 2.23
Page 151 and 152:
Note the similarities and differenc
Page 153 and 154:
X Z ω k 0 O e 0 Y Figure 2.25: Dir
Page 155 and 156:
W = Atomic, molecular and mixture w
Page 157 and 158:
In order to use EGS5 to answer the
Page 159 and 160:
write(6,100) 100 FORMAT(’ PEGS5-c
Page 161 and 162:
! plate is 1 mm thick !------------
Page 163 and 164:
implicit none include ’include/eg
Page 165 and 166:
0.989 MeV kinetic energy Brem photo
Page 167 and 168:
! locally (in fact EDEP = particles
Page 169 and 170:
inmax=max(binmax,ebin(j)) end do wr
Page 171 and 172:
0.40 0.0058 * 0.60 0.0054 * 0.80 0.
Page 173 and 174:
!----------------------------------
Page 175 and 176:
endif if(loop.lt.3) then write(6,12
Page 177 and 178:
180 FORMAT(/’ Knock-on electrons
Page 179 and 180:
common/score/escore(3), iscore(3) r
Page 181 and 182:
Brem photons can be created and any
Page 183 and 184:
in any combination of 31 well speci
Page 185 and 186:
end do end do ! nmed and dunit defa
Page 187 and 188:
! ------------------------------ cl
Page 189 and 190:
if (iarg.eq.17) then ! A Compton sc
Page 191 and 192:
! the general purpose geometry subr
Page 193 and 194:
eturn end !------------------------
Page 195 and 196:
open(UNIT= 6,FILE=’egs5job.out’
Page 197 and 198:
write(6,130) 130 format(/’ Start
Page 199 and 200:
icol= * int(dlog10(ebin(j)*10000.0/
Page 201 and 202:
0.0300 0.0000* 0.0320 0.0001* 0.034
Page 203 and 204:
0.0780 0.0014 * 0.0800 0.0012 * 0.0
Page 205 and 206:
The main purpose of this section, h
Page 207 and 208:
4.1.3 Leading Particle Biasing The
Page 209 and 210:
• Sum the weighted energy deposit
Page 211 and 212:
4 z 6 Vac 11 5 Pb 6 5 Air 7 4 9 10
Page 213 and 214:
Figure 4.3: UCBEND simulation at 3.
Page 215 and 216:
necessary geometry input. The follo
Page 217 and 218:
Appendix A EGS5 FLOW DIAGRAMS Hideo
Page 219 and 220:
subroutine annih Version 051219-143
Page 221 and 222:
¡ eq 1 anormr = 1./sqrt(anorm2) si
Page 223 and 224:
1 br = max(br,0.D0) ekse2 = br*ekin
Page 225 and 226:
1 2 3 br = br*p esg = eie*br yes es
Page 227 and 228:
¤ ne ¤ ne subroutine collis (lele
Page 229 and 230:
¦ ne ¦ ne call ausgab(iarg) 6 iq(
Page 231 and 232:
subroutine compt Version 051219-143
Page 233 and 234:
3 4 5 6 icprof(medium) .eq. 3 no ye
Page 235 and 236:
subroutine counters_out Version 051
Page 237 and 238:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 no ii .ne. jj yes no
Page 239 and 240:
© ne 1 2 3 neispl = (2*neispl + 1)
Page 241 and 242:
subroutine electr(ircode) ielectr =
Page 243 and 244:
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 detot = e(np)-ecu
Page 245 and 246:
2324 25 26 27 28 29 30 ustep .gt. d
Page 247 and 248:
4142 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 ecut(irne
Page 249 and 250:
5859 60 61 62 63 64 tmscat .eq. 0.0
Page 251 and 252:
73 74 75 76 no edep .lt. e(np) yes
Page 253 and 254:
subroutine hardx (charge,kEnergy,ke
Page 255 and 256:
1 2 3 4 5 iz = izz iz .eq. 0 no xsi
Page 257 and 258:
13 14 15 16 17 sint .ne. 0. yes rde
Page 259 and 260:
19 im=1 im=im+1 im >nmed no yes no
Page 261 and 262:
22 23 write(kmpo,1610) read(kmpi,12
Page 263 and 264:
26 27 28 iprofm(im) .ne. 1 no yes w
Page 265 and 266:
30 31 32 33 34 esig0(i,im) = esig0(
Page 267 and 268:
36 37 38 no iedgfl(ii).ne.0 .or. ia
Page 269 and 270:
no kaug .eq. 6 call lshell(3) kaug.
Page 271 and 272:
subroutine kxray Version 051219-143
Page 273 and 274:
1 2 3 dfl3aug(5,iz) .eq. 0. no naug
Page 275 and 276:
1 2 3 4 rnnow .le. omegal2(iz) + f2
Page 277 and 278:
1 2 dflx3(6,iz) .eq. 0. no nxray=nx
Page 279 and 280:
1 impacr(ir(np)).eq.1 .and. iedgfl(
Page 281 and 282:
1 2 fject = (ktot - k1grd(iprt,ik1)
Page 283 and 284:
5 6 7 8 9 thr = 1./eta "Central cor
Page 285 and 286:
1 2 3 delta = delcm(medium)*del "Re
Page 287 and 288:
8 9 10 11 12 galpha .ge. 0.0 yes no
Page 289 and 290:
subroutine photo Version 051219-143
Page 291 and 292:
4 5 6 7 8 rnnow .le. pbran(i) no ye
Page 293 and 294:
12 13 14 beta = sqrt((eelec - RM)*(
Page 295 and 296:
subroutine photon Version 051219-14
Page 297 and 298:
6 7 8 9 10 idisc .gt. 0 yes no edep
Page 299 and 300:
17 18 19 20 21 iausfl(iarg+1) ne 0
Page 301 and 302:
27 28 iausfl(iarg+1) ne 0 no ircod
Page 303 and 304:
subroutine rk1 Version 060313-0945
Page 305 and 306:
4 5 6 j=1 j=j+1 j>neke-1 no yes j .
Page 307 and 308:
18 19 20 21 22 23 elkeold = elke k1
Page 309 and 310:
1 2 "end of file; go to 13" read(17
Page 311 and 312:
4 5 "go to 30" no abs(k1mine-k1grd(
Page 313 and 314:
7 8 read(17,'(72a1)') buffer read(1
Page 315 and 316:
subroutine shower (iqi,ei,xi,yi,zi,
Page 317 and 318:
subroutine uphi(ientry,lvl) Version
Page 319 and 320:
subroutine randomset(rndum) Version
Page 321 and 322:
subroutine rluxinit Version 051219-
Page 323 and 324:
1 i=1 i=i+1 i>24 no yes seeds(i) =
Page 325 and 326:
subroutine rluxin Version 051219-14
Page 327 and 328:
Appendix B EGS5 USER MANUAL Hideo H
Page 329 and 330:
Table B.1: Variable descriptions fo
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Table B.12: Variable descriptions f
Page 339 and 340:
Optional parameter modifications Th
Page 341 and 342:
the call to PEGS5 may be skipped if
Page 343 and 344:
egions. Execution of EGS5 is termin
Page 345 and 346:
of the transport in the walls of el
Page 347 and 348:
call rluxinit after specifying LUXL
Page 349 and 350:
END OF FILE ON UNIT 12 PROGRAM STOP
Page 351 and 352:
do i=1,ncases uf(1)=ufi vf(1)=vfi w
Page 353 and 354:
crossed, then USTEP should be set t
Page 355 and 356:
subroutine howfar implicit none inc
Page 357 and 358:
Table B.18: IARG values program sta
Page 359 and 360:
As an example of how to write an AU
Page 361 and 362:
!**********************************
Page 363 and 364:
nreg=3 do i=2,nreg ecut(i)=100.0 pc
Page 365 and 366:
nlines=0 nwrite=15 !---------------
Page 367 and 368:
if (nlines.lt.nwrite) then write(6,
Page 369 and 370:
Appendix C PEGS USER MANUAL Hideo H
Page 371 and 372:
is entered. On each pass through th
Page 373 and 374:
(from previous figure) (to previous
Page 375 and 376:
(from previous figure) | | + ------
Page 377 and 378: +------+ |BREMTR| +------+ | V +---
Page 379 and 380: +------+ |PAIRTR| +------+ | V +---
Page 381 and 382: Name DCSLOAD DCSSTOR DCSTAB ELASTIN
Page 383 and 384: Name AFFACT AINTP ALKE ALKEI ALIN A
Page 385 and 386: Table C.5: Functions in PEGS, part
Page 387 and 388: +------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
Page 389 and 390: Table C.8: ELEM option input data l
Page 391 and 392: Table C.10: MIXT option input data
Page 393 and 394: Table C.12: PWLF option input data
Page 395 and 396: Table C.17: PLTN option input data
Page 397 and 398: ICPROF is set to 3, the user must c
Page 399 and 400: Column Line 12345678911234567892123
Page 401 and 402: interiors of the intervals. If FEXA
Page 403 and 404: C.3.6 The TEST Option The TEST opti
Page 405 and 406: C.3.9 The HPLT Option The Histogram
Page 407 and 408: Appendix D EGS5 INSTALLATION GUIDE
Page 409 and 410: egs5 directory (preferably using th
Page 411 and 412: 6. The user is then asked to key-in
Page 413 and 414: * User code tutor1.f has been compi
Page 415 and 416: Appendix E CONTENTS OF THE EGS5 DIS
Page 417 and 418: All of the actual FORTRAN source co
Page 419 and 420: aprime.data Data for empirical brem
Page 421 and 422: eryllium iron silicon bismuth krypt
Page 423 and 424: The tutorial problems and advanced
Page 425 and 426: Bibliography [1] R. G. Alsmiller Jr
Page 427: [28] A. F. Bielajew. HOWFAR and HOW
Page 431 and 432: [92] H. Kolbenstvedt. Simple theory
Page 433 and 434: [123] Y. Namito, H. Hirayama, A. Ta
Page 435 and 436: [156] Y. A. Shreider, editor. The M
Page 437 and 438: Index “shower book”, 37 AE, 28,
Page 439 and 440: Klein-Nishina formula, 62 Landau di
show all

THE EGS5 CODE SYSTEM

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?