AP Psych Barrons

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equally active in work groups and might ask workers to do similar tasks. The theories might relate to types of cultures, but not the way described in choice D. Theory X and Y do not relate to optimum levels of arousal. 8. (C) Schachter said the cognitive label we apply to an event combined with our body’s reaction creates emotion. James-Lange said biological changes cause emotion, and Cannon-Bard states that emotional reactions occur at the same time as physiological changes. No theory maintains that emotions are unrelated to biological changes. 9. (C) If individuals spend an excessive amount of time in the resistance phase, it may deplete their bodies’ resources. They become more vulnerable to diseases in the exhaustion phase. The other answers do not relate to Seyle’s general adaptation syndrome. 10. (A) Studies show that if people think they are in control of an event, they report the event is less stressful. Frustration might decrease, but perceived control would not increase the feeling of frustration (choice B). Perceived control does not necessarily relate to motivation, arousal, or our heart/respiration rates. 11. (B) Homeostasis is a balanced internal state we seek by satisfying our drives. The word equilibrium does indicate balance but is not the most correct term in this context. Selfactualization is the highest need in Maslow’s hierarchy. Primary and secondary refer to drives, but the terms primary and secondary satisfaction are made-up distractions. 12. (C) The Garcia effect occurs when an organism associates nausea with food or drink through classical conditioning. This is a powerful form of learning that takes only one trial to establish. Pairing illness with food and drink is an adaptive response that may be hardwired in order to create a survival advantage. The other choices incorrectly describe the Garcia effect. 13. (D) Twin studies indicate a possible genetic influence on sexual orientation. A person whose identical twin is homosexual is more likely to be homosexual than is a member of the general population. Research indicates the other factors mentioned are not environmental factors correlated with homosexuality. 14. (C) The GAS describes different stages in reactions to stress. The other choices do not relate to Seyle’s general adaptation syndrome. 15. (D) The social readjustment rating scale is designed to measure stress. A high score on this instrument indicates the test taker experiences a high amount of stress, and this correlates with stress-related illnesses. The factors described in the other choices are not correlated with this test.
Developmental <strong>Psych</strong>ology CH<strong>AP</strong>TER 9 KEY TERMS Developmental psychologist Nature versus nurture Cross-sectional research Longitudinal research Teratogens Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) Newborn reflexes Attachment Harry Harlow’s attachment research Mary Ainsworth’s strange situation Secure attachments Avoidant attachments Anxious/ambivalent attachments Authoritarian parents Permissive parents Authoritative parents Oral stage Anal stage Phallic stage Genital stage Erik Erikson’s psychosocial developmental theory Trust versus mistrust Autonomy versus shame and doubt Initiative versus guilt Industry versus inferiority Identity versus role confusion Intimacy versus isolation Generativity versus stagnation Integrity versus despair Jean Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory Schemata Assimilation Accommodation Sensorimotor stage Object permanence Preoperational stage Egocentric Concrete operations Concepts of conservation Formal operations Metacognition Lawrence Kohlberg’s moral developmental theory Preconventional stage Conventional stage Postconventional stage KEY PEOPLE
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A 1 E=mc 2 This eBook is downloaded
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About the Authors Allyson Weseley h
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Perception Practice Questions 5 Sta
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13 Treatment of Psychological Disor
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The College Board recently revised
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Overview of the AP Psychology Exam
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(A) negative reinforcement. (B) sha
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(B) 2 years (C) 4 years (D) 8 years
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(A) damage to her fovea. (B) place
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(A) humanistic. (B) sociocultural.
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48. In the past when Nuara’s comp
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(E) central 59. Which part of the b
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(D) 82 (E) 95 70. The typical age o
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(C) idiographic (D) sociocultural (
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(C) long-term memory. (D) echoic me
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Answer Key DIAGNOSTIC TEST 1. B 36.
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necessarily related to being creati
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uses magnetic fields to show both s
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the high school students taking AP
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when people’s preexisting beliefs
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of the trials but simply not had an
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76. (C) Group therapy tends to be l
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89. (D) The prefrontal cortex plays
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MULTIPLE-CHOICE ERROR ANALYSIS SHEE
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QUESTION 1 SCORING RUBRIC This is a
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eal-world violence” as the variab
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attention determines what informati
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Also, notice that this (fictional)
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History and Approaches CHAPTER 1 KE
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epression—the pushing down into t
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certain neurotransmitters in the br
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(D) focused entirely on human males
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13. Symbolic dream analysis might b
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10. (D) Watson referred to the cond
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Coercion Informed consent Anonymity
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the study and therefore are not par
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groups may possibly be due not to t
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irth onward. If I seek to control a
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since that value is in excess of ev
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perfect, negative correlation and +
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In both cases, you would be correct
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(A) sampling error. (B) the need to
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II. Having a computer generate a ra
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accredited commercial sources) and
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Biological Bases of Behavior CHAPTE
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Terminal buttons (also called end b
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Afferent Neurons (or Sensory Neuron
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heart rate, blood pressure, and res
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An electroencephalogram (EEG) detec
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Pons The pons (located just above t
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sensory messages and controls the m
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of each retina are processed in the
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separate families obviously share v
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(E) neurons, synapses, and cerebral
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2. (B) The motor cortex (which is l
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Sensation and Perception CHAPTER 4
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The first three senses listed here,
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enough bipolar cells fire, the next
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Figure 4.2. Cross section of the ea
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CHEMICAL SENSES Taste (or Gustation
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BODY POSITION SENSES Vestibular Sen
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Perceptual Theories Psychologists u
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Figure 4.5. Optical illusion. Gesta
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Depth Cues One of the most importan
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3. In a perception research lab, yo
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14. What behavior would be difficul
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is being filled in, instead of an i
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OVERVIEW While you are reading this
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Sleep Cycle You may be familiar wit
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up until his graduation from high s
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Researcher Ernest Hilgard explained
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Practice Questions Directions: Each
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12. In the context of this unit, th
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activation-synthesis theory of drea
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Albert Bandura Edward Tolman Wolfga
Page 154 and 155: esponse to the white rat. Aversive
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Page 164 and 165: (B) aversive conditioning. (C) simu
Page 166 and 167: 1. (B) The music before a scary eve
Page 168 and 169: important point: the word positive
Page 170 and 171: Functional fixedness Confirmation b
Page 172 and 173: with one person at a party but then
Page 174 and 175: One factor is the order in which th
Page 176 and 177: memory, is stored elsewhere in the
Page 178 and 179: THINKING AND CREATIVITY Describing
Page 180 and 181: very different than what the design
Page 182 and 183: (D) The words in each language affe
Page 184 and 185: (C) a child of normal mental abilit
Page 186 and 187: 14. (C) The critical-period hypothe
Page 188 and 189: OVERVIEW In my psychology class, I
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Page 200 and 201: Practice Questions Directions: Each
Page 202 and 203: (B) decreased motivation to perform
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Page 208 and 209: MOTOR/SENSORY DEVELOPMENT Reflexes
Page 210 and 211: MARY AINSWORTH Mary Ainsworth resea
Page 212 and 213: Sigmund Freud Historically, Freud w
Page 214 and 215: Integrity versus despair Toward the
Page 216 and 217: Formal operations (12 through adult
Page 218 and 219: During the next level of moral reas
Page 220 and 221: etween the sexes. However, biopsych
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Page 224 and 225: (E) authoritative 15. Which of the
Page 226 and 227: Personality CHAPTER 10 KEY TERMS Pe
Page 228 and 229: Both the Oedipus and Electra crises
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Page 232 and 233: Impact of Freudian Theory Despite i
Page 234 and 235: BIOLOGICAL THEORIES Biological theo
Page 236 and 237: HUMANISTIC THEORIES Many of the mod
Page 238 and 239: psychologists, particularly cogniti
Page 240 and 241: (C) identifying core principles by
Page 242 and 243: 7. (C) Dr. Li is using the TAT (the
Page 244 and 245: Testing and Individual Differences
Page 246 and 247: same person, it clearly does not ac
Page 248 and 249: Charles Spearman One fundamental is
Page 250 and 251: created a test that would identify
Page 252 and 253: NATURE VERSUS NURTURE: INTELLIGENCE
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12. Although her score on the perso
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7. (C) Spearman argued that intelli
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Abnormal Psychology CHAPTER 12 KEY
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Disorders (DSM). Periodically, this
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a situation in which one could emba
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Dissociative identity disorder (DID
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A growing body of evidence suggests
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• Parkinson’s disease, characte
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Paraphilias or psychosexual disorde
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(C) cognitive (D) behavioral (E) so
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psychologists would locate the caus
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Albert Ellis OVERVIEW Just as there
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of Consciousness,” is an altered
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the doctor’s office. His mother m
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suffering from a social phobia migh
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The most intrusive and rarest form
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2. Coretta’s therapist says littl
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(B) client-centered (C) aversive co
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9. (B) Transference is when patient
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Stanley Milgram Irving Janis Philli
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already said that the boring task w
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attribution error. Say that you go
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Origin of Stereotypes and Prejudice
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that good-looking people are percei
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TABLE 14.1 Group polarization is th
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(C) modeling. (D) diffusion of resp
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14. On the first day of class, Mr.
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error is a different attributional
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Here’s another example: A psychol
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(E) Table manners are learned by re
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Answering Free-Response Questions C
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6. When asked about a psychological
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INTERPRETING THE RUBRIC Notice how
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Point 4 — Not awarded—The stude
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(E) PTSD. 5. Which psychological pe
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(A) social facilitation (B) deindiv
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(B) contextual intelligence (C) div
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34. Which of the following statisti
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(E) adult genital stage. 45. Daniel
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(D) the fundamental attribution err
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64. Matt’s research design could
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(C) the social role hypothesis. (D)
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(A) social facilitation. (B) confor
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(D) James-Lange theory (E) opponent
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Answer Key PRACTICE TEST #1 1. D 36
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6. (C) Pascale would best be classi
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18. (B) Counterconditioning lies at
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29. (E) Of the disorders listed, ma
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40. (E) Jamie’s printer problems
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ethics. People with low self-esteem
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take the energy from impulses they
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Genna’s right hemisphere was dama
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SSRIs (serotonin selective reuptake
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effect would not be particularly he
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Question 1 Scoring Rubric This is a
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Part B Point 4 — Yerkes-Dodson la
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(A) hearing (B) touch (C) balance (
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(A) proximity and similarity (B) to
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(C) primary (physical) and secondar
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(C) unconditional positive regard (
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(E) Dreams reflect variations in br
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(C) median (D) mean (E) normal curv
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(B) semantic memory (C) procedural
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(D) disorganized, paranoid, cataton
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(C) Operant conditioning is used to
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(B) to explain the biomedical sympt
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Answer Key PRACTICE TEST #2 1. C 36
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nondamaged parts of the brain and r
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28. (D) Stimulation of the lateral
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48. (A) Psychotherapies all involve
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67. (D) Generalization occurs in cl
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hybrid cars” and “don’t own h
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Multiple-Choice Error Analysis Shee
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Point 3 — Students need to briefl
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SAMPLE STUDENT RESPONSE ESSAY 2 SCO
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