AP Psych Barrons

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10. (D) Watson referred to the conditioning experiments Ivan Pavlov did with dogs. B. F. Skinner came after Watson chronologically, and the other psychologists mentioned are not part of the behaviorist paradigm. 11. (B) Skinner added the idea of reinforcing events, such as rewards and punishments, to the basic idea of behaviorism. Unconscious thinking and defense mechanisms are concepts from the psychoanalytic perspective. Conditioning is a general term used before Skinner did his research. Introspection was a technique used by Wundt. 12. (C) Maslow is the only psychologist in this list included in the section on humanism in the text. Skinner, Pavlov, and Watson are behaviorists. 13. (C) The idea that dreams contain symbols is central to the psychoanalytic perspective, and not any of the other perspectives listed. 14. (A) Behaviorists explain human thought and behavior as a result of conditioning in our pasts, either classical conditioning or operant conditioning. This conditioning restricts (or eliminates) the idea of personal choice, and behaviorists do not usually refer to biological causes and evolutionary theory (like natural selection). The unconscious mind is a concept from psychoanalytic theory. 15. (C) The eclectic perspective claims that no one perspective can best explain all human behaviors and a therapist who works with many different perspectives to help individual patients is in some sense eclectic, not any of the other specific perspectives listed.
Methods CH<strong>AP</strong>TER 2 KEY TERMS Hindsight bias Applied research Basic research Hypothesis Independent variable Dependent variable Theory Operational definition Validity Reliability Sampling Sample Population Representative sample Random sampling Stratified sampling Experiment—laboratory and field Confounding variables—participant and situation-relevant Random assignment Controls Group-matching Experimenter bias Double-blind procedure Single-blind procedure Response or participant bias Social desirability Hawthorne effect Placebo method Correlations—positive and negative Survey method Response rate Naturalistic observation Case study method Descriptive statistics Frequency distribution Measures of central tendency—mean, median, mode Extreme scores or outliers Positive versus negative skew Measures of variability—range, standard deviation, variance z score Normal curve Correlation coefficient Scatter plot Line of best fit/regression line Inferential statistics Sampling error p value Statistical significance Institutional Review Board (IRB)
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A 1 E=mc 2 This eBook is downloaded
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About the Authors Allyson Weseley h
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Perception Practice Questions 5 Sta
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13 Treatment of Psychological Disor
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The College Board recently revised
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Overview of the AP Psychology Exam
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(A) negative reinforcement. (B) sha
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(B) 2 years (C) 4 years (D) 8 years
Page 20 and 21: (A) damage to her fovea. (B) place
Page 22 and 23: (A) humanistic. (B) sociocultural.
Page 24 and 25: 48. In the past when Nuara’s comp
Page 26 and 27: (E) central 59. Which part of the b
Page 28 and 29: (D) 82 (E) 95 70. The typical age o
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Page 32 and 33: (C) long-term memory. (D) echoic me
Page 34 and 35: Answer Key DIAGNOSTIC TEST 1. B 36.
Page 36 and 37: necessarily related to being creati
Page 38 and 39: uses magnetic fields to show both s
Page 40 and 41: the high school students taking AP
Page 42 and 43: when people’s preexisting beliefs
Page 44 and 45: of the trials but simply not had an
Page 46 and 47: 76. (C) Group therapy tends to be l
Page 48 and 49: 89. (D) The prefrontal cortex plays
Page 50 and 51: MULTIPLE-CHOICE ERROR ANALYSIS SHEE
Page 52 and 53: QUESTION 1 SCORING RUBRIC This is a
Page 54 and 55: eal-world violence” as the variab
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Page 58 and 59: Also, notice that this (fictional)
Page 60 and 61: History and Approaches CHAPTER 1 KE
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Page 64 and 65: certain neurotransmitters in the br
Page 66 and 67: (D) focused entirely on human males
Page 68 and 69: 13. Symbolic dream analysis might b
Page 72 and 73: Coercion Informed consent Anonymity
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Page 78 and 79: irth onward. If I seek to control a
Page 80 and 81: since that value is in excess of ev
Page 82 and 83: perfect, negative correlation and +
Page 84 and 85: In both cases, you would be correct
Page 86 and 87: (A) sampling error. (B) the need to
Page 88 and 89: II. Having a computer generate a ra
Page 90 and 91: accredited commercial sources) and
Page 92 and 93: Biological Bases of Behavior CHAPTE
Page 94 and 95: Terminal buttons (also called end b
Page 96 and 97: Afferent Neurons (or Sensory Neuron
Page 98 and 99: heart rate, blood pressure, and res
Page 100 and 101: An electroencephalogram (EEG) detec
Page 102 and 103: Pons The pons (located just above t
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Page 106 and 107: of each retina are processed in the
Page 108 and 109: separate families obviously share v
Page 110 and 111: (E) neurons, synapses, and cerebral
Page 112 and 113: 2. (B) The motor cortex (which is l
Page 114 and 115: Sensation and Perception CHAPTER 4
Page 116 and 117: The first three senses listed here,
Page 118 and 119: enough bipolar cells fire, the next
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Figure 4.2. Cross section of the ea
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CHEMICAL SENSES Taste (or Gustation
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BODY POSITION SENSES Vestibular Sen
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Perceptual Theories Psychologists u
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Figure 4.5. Optical illusion. Gesta
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Depth Cues One of the most importan
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3. In a perception research lab, yo
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14. What behavior would be difficul
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is being filled in, instead of an i
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OVERVIEW While you are reading this
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Sleep Cycle You may be familiar wit
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up until his graduation from high s
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Researcher Ernest Hilgard explained
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Practice Questions Directions: Each
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12. In the context of this unit, th
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activation-synthesis theory of drea
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Albert Bandura Edward Tolman Wolfga
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esponse to the white rat. Aversive
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B. F. Skinner, who coined the term
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things in the Skinner box or the ba
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and tend, instead, to bury the disk
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Tolman reasoned that these rats mus
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(B) aversive conditioning. (C) simu
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1. (B) The music before a scary eve
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important point: the word positive
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Functional fixedness Confirmation b
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with one person at a party but then
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One factor is the order in which th
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memory, is stored elsewhere in the
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THINKING AND CREATIVITY Describing
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very different than what the design
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(D) The words in each language affe
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(C) a child of normal mental abilit
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14. (C) The critical-period hypothe
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OVERVIEW In my psychology class, I
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motivation to return to the baselin
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hypothalamus act in opposition to c
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Sexual Response Cycle The famous la
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esponds best to can give managers a
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Schachter showed that people who ar
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(B) decreased motivation to perform
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equally active in work groups and m
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Konrad Lorenz Harry Harlow Mary Ain
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MOTOR/SENSORY DEVELOPMENT Reflexes
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MARY AINSWORTH Mary Ainsworth resea
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Sigmund Freud Historically, Freud w
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Integrity versus despair Toward the
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Formal operations (12 through adult
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During the next level of moral reas
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etween the sexes. However, biopsych
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(A) teratogens. (B) stress on the m
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(E) authoritative 15. Which of the
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Personality CHAPTER 10 KEY TERMS Pe
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Both the Oedipus and Electra crises
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• Biff continues to act as if he
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Impact of Freudian Theory Despite i
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BIOLOGICAL THEORIES Biological theo
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HUMANISTIC THEORIES Many of the mod
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psychologists, particularly cogniti
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(C) identifying core principles by
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7. (C) Dr. Li is using the TAT (the
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Testing and Individual Differences
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same person, it clearly does not ac
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Charles Spearman One fundamental is
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created a test that would identify
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NATURE VERSUS NURTURE: INTELLIGENCE
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12. Although her score on the perso
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7. (C) Spearman argued that intelli
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Abnormal Psychology CHAPTER 12 KEY
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Disorders (DSM). Periodically, this
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a situation in which one could emba
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Dissociative identity disorder (DID
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A growing body of evidence suggests
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• Parkinson’s disease, characte
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Paraphilias or psychosexual disorde
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(C) cognitive (D) behavioral (E) so
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psychologists would locate the caus
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Albert Ellis OVERVIEW Just as there
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of Consciousness,” is an altered
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the doctor’s office. His mother m
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suffering from a social phobia migh
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The most intrusive and rarest form
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2. Coretta’s therapist says littl
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(B) client-centered (C) aversive co
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9. (B) Transference is when patient
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Stanley Milgram Irving Janis Philli
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already said that the boring task w
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attribution error. Say that you go
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Origin of Stereotypes and Prejudice
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that good-looking people are percei
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TABLE 14.1 Group polarization is th
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(C) modeling. (D) diffusion of resp
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14. On the first day of class, Mr.
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error is a different attributional
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Here’s another example: A psychol
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(E) Table manners are learned by re
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Answering Free-Response Questions C
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6. When asked about a psychological
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INTERPRETING THE RUBRIC Notice how
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Point 4 — Not awarded—The stude
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(E) PTSD. 5. Which psychological pe
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(A) social facilitation (B) deindiv
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(B) contextual intelligence (C) div
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34. Which of the following statisti
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(E) adult genital stage. 45. Daniel
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(D) the fundamental attribution err
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64. Matt’s research design could
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(C) the social role hypothesis. (D)
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(A) social facilitation. (B) confor
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(D) James-Lange theory (E) opponent
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Answer Key PRACTICE TEST #1 1. D 36
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6. (C) Pascale would best be classi
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18. (B) Counterconditioning lies at
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29. (E) Of the disorders listed, ma
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40. (E) Jamie’s printer problems
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ethics. People with low self-esteem
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take the energy from impulses they
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Genna’s right hemisphere was dama
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SSRIs (serotonin selective reuptake
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effect would not be particularly he
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Question 1 Scoring Rubric This is a
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Part B Point 4 — Yerkes-Dodson la
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(A) hearing (B) touch (C) balance (
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(A) proximity and similarity (B) to
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(C) primary (physical) and secondar
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(C) unconditional positive regard (
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(E) Dreams reflect variations in br
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(C) median (D) mean (E) normal curv
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(B) semantic memory (C) procedural
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(D) disorganized, paranoid, cataton
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(C) Operant conditioning is used to
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(B) to explain the biomedical sympt
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Answer Key PRACTICE TEST #2 1. C 36
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nondamaged parts of the brain and r
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28. (D) Stimulation of the lateral
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48. (A) Psychotherapies all involve
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67. (D) Generalization occurs in cl
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hybrid cars” and “don’t own h
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Multiple-Choice Error Analysis Shee
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Point 3 — Students need to briefl
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SAMPLE STUDENT RESPONSE ESSAY 2 SCO
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