AP Psych Barrons

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7. (C) Spearman argued that intelligence could be boiled down to one ability known as g. The g stands for general intelligence. Spearman also discussed s, which stands for specific intelligences. The other letters are all simply distractors. 8. (B) The strongest evidence presented for intelligence to be highly heritable is that monozygotic twins separated at birth have extremely similar IQ scores. Monozygotic twins share 100 percent of their genetic material. If they are separated at birth and therefore raised in different environments, similarity in their IQ scores argues for the influence of nature or heritability. Parents’ IQ scores do tend to correlate positively with those of their children, but this similarity could be explained by either genetic or environmental factors. Dizygotic twins and other siblings share the same amount of genetic material on average (50 percent). Therefore, if the former score more similarly on IQ tests, an environmental influence is suggested. For instance, dizygotic twins may be treated more similarly than other siblings and grow up during the same time period. Since adopted children do not share any genetic material with the parents who adopted them, similarities must be due to environmental factors. Differences in average IQ scores between ethnic groups could be explained by either genetic or environmental factors. 9. (A) Vocabulary tends to increase with age and does not depend on speed; such attributes characterize crystallized intelligence. Choices B, C, and D are more typically associated with fluid intelligence because they involve speed and learning new things. Choice E is also more likely to be associated with fluid intelligence because the ability to perform complex mathematical calculations in one’s head is linked to working memory that tends to decline with age. 10. (D) Power tests consist of items of varying levels of difficulty because their purpose is to identify the upper limit of a person’s ability. Speed tests are given in a small amount of time since they seek to test how quickly someone can solve problems. Power tests could be given individually or in a group. Having a pure measure of achievement is impossible. IQ tests yield IQ scores. 11. (C) People with high EQs would be likely to find jobs well suited to their individual strengths. Emotional intelligence is thought to help people achieve what they want to achieve. Someone who has a high EQ will not necessarily want a high-paying job, go to college, be a creative problem solver, or have many close friends. 12. (D) Since the personality test does not seem to have resulted in an accurate depiction of Mary’s personality, the test lacks validity. If repeated administrations of the test yielded similar results, the test could still be reliable. The test may or may not have been standardized. Consistency is generally equated with reliability. If the test lacks validity, it will not have practical worth, but the latter is not a psychological term. 13. (D) Scores on the Stanford-Binet IQ test are computed by dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100. Since 10 divided by 8 equals 1.25, Santos has an IQ of 125.
14. (A) The Flynn effect is the finding that intelligence seems to be increasing with every generation. Although television is often cast as a great social evil that rots the minds of our nation’s youth, one hypothesized contribution to the Flynn effect is the exposure to the complex and rapid visual stimuli that appear on television. Linguistic skills do not decline with age. The statements in choices D and E are true but are not known as the Flynn effect. 15. (D) Adherents to a nature perspective often emphasize the effect of genetic makeup in shaping personality. All the other factors (environment, learning, reinforcement, and culture) are associated with a nurture perspective.
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A 1 E=mc 2 This eBook is downloaded
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About the Authors Allyson Weseley h
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Perception Practice Questions 5 Sta
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13 Treatment of Psychological Disor
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The College Board recently revised
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Overview of the AP Psychology Exam
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(A) negative reinforcement. (B) sha
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(B) 2 years (C) 4 years (D) 8 years
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(A) damage to her fovea. (B) place
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(A) humanistic. (B) sociocultural.
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48. In the past when Nuara’s comp
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(E) central 59. Which part of the b
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(D) 82 (E) 95 70. The typical age o
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(C) idiographic (D) sociocultural (
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(C) long-term memory. (D) echoic me
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Answer Key DIAGNOSTIC TEST 1. B 36.
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necessarily related to being creati
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uses magnetic fields to show both s
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the high school students taking AP
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when people’s preexisting beliefs
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of the trials but simply not had an
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76. (C) Group therapy tends to be l
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89. (D) The prefrontal cortex plays
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MULTIPLE-CHOICE ERROR ANALYSIS SHEE
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QUESTION 1 SCORING RUBRIC This is a
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eal-world violence” as the variab
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attention determines what informati
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Also, notice that this (fictional)
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History and Approaches CHAPTER 1 KE
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epression—the pushing down into t
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certain neurotransmitters in the br
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(D) focused entirely on human males
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13. Symbolic dream analysis might b
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10. (D) Watson referred to the cond
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Coercion Informed consent Anonymity
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the study and therefore are not par
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groups may possibly be due not to t
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irth onward. If I seek to control a
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since that value is in excess of ev
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perfect, negative correlation and +
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In both cases, you would be correct
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(A) sampling error. (B) the need to
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II. Having a computer generate a ra
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accredited commercial sources) and
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Biological Bases of Behavior CHAPTE
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Terminal buttons (also called end b
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Afferent Neurons (or Sensory Neuron
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heart rate, blood pressure, and res
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An electroencephalogram (EEG) detec
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Pons The pons (located just above t
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sensory messages and controls the m
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of each retina are processed in the
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separate families obviously share v
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(E) neurons, synapses, and cerebral
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2. (B) The motor cortex (which is l
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Sensation and Perception CHAPTER 4
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The first three senses listed here,
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enough bipolar cells fire, the next
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Figure 4.2. Cross section of the ea
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CHEMICAL SENSES Taste (or Gustation
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BODY POSITION SENSES Vestibular Sen
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Perceptual Theories Psychologists u
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Figure 4.5. Optical illusion. Gesta
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Depth Cues One of the most importan
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3. In a perception research lab, yo
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14. What behavior would be difficul
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is being filled in, instead of an i
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OVERVIEW While you are reading this
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Sleep Cycle You may be familiar wit
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up until his graduation from high s
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Researcher Ernest Hilgard explained
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Practice Questions Directions: Each
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12. In the context of this unit, th
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activation-synthesis theory of drea
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Albert Bandura Edward Tolman Wolfga
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esponse to the white rat. Aversive
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B. F. Skinner, who coined the term
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things in the Skinner box or the ba
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and tend, instead, to bury the disk
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Tolman reasoned that these rats mus
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(B) aversive conditioning. (C) simu
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1. (B) The music before a scary eve
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important point: the word positive
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Functional fixedness Confirmation b
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with one person at a party but then
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One factor is the order in which th
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memory, is stored elsewhere in the
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THINKING AND CREATIVITY Describing
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very different than what the design
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(D) The words in each language affe
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(C) a child of normal mental abilit
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14. (C) The critical-period hypothe
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OVERVIEW In my psychology class, I
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motivation to return to the baselin
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hypothalamus act in opposition to c
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Sexual Response Cycle The famous la
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esponds best to can give managers a
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Schachter showed that people who ar
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Practice Questions Directions: Each
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(B) decreased motivation to perform
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equally active in work groups and m
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Konrad Lorenz Harry Harlow Mary Ain
Page 208 and 209: MOTOR/SENSORY DEVELOPMENT Reflexes
Page 210 and 211: MARY AINSWORTH Mary Ainsworth resea
Page 212 and 213: Sigmund Freud Historically, Freud w
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Page 216 and 217: Formal operations (12 through adult
Page 218 and 219: During the next level of moral reas
Page 220 and 221: etween the sexes. However, biopsych
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Page 224 and 225: (E) authoritative 15. Which of the
Page 226 and 227: Personality CHAPTER 10 KEY TERMS Pe
Page 228 and 229: Both the Oedipus and Electra crises
Page 230 and 231: • Biff continues to act as if he
Page 232 and 233: Impact of Freudian Theory Despite i
Page 234 and 235: BIOLOGICAL THEORIES Biological theo
Page 236 and 237: HUMANISTIC THEORIES Many of the mod
Page 238 and 239: psychologists, particularly cogniti
Page 240 and 241: (C) identifying core principles by
Page 242 and 243: 7. (C) Dr. Li is using the TAT (the
Page 244 and 245: Testing and Individual Differences
Page 246 and 247: same person, it clearly does not ac
Page 248 and 249: Charles Spearman One fundamental is
Page 250 and 251: created a test that would identify
Page 252 and 253: NATURE VERSUS NURTURE: INTELLIGENCE
Page 254 and 255: Practice Questions Directions: Each
Page 256 and 257: 12. Although her score on the perso
Page 260 and 261: Abnormal Psychology CHAPTER 12 KEY
Page 262 and 263: Disorders (DSM). Periodically, this
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Page 266 and 267: Dissociative identity disorder (DID
Page 268 and 269: A growing body of evidence suggests
Page 270 and 271: • Parkinson’s disease, characte
Page 272 and 273: Paraphilias or psychosexual disorde
Page 274 and 275: Practice Questions Directions: Each
Page 276 and 277: (C) cognitive (D) behavioral (E) so
Page 278 and 279: psychologists would locate the caus
Page 280 and 281: Albert Ellis OVERVIEW Just as there
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Page 288 and 289: The most intrusive and rarest form
Page 290 and 291: 2. Coretta’s therapist says littl
Page 292 and 293: (B) client-centered (C) aversive co
Page 294 and 295: 9. (B) Transference is when patient
Page 296 and 297: Stanley Milgram Irving Janis Philli
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Page 300 and 301: attribution error. Say that you go
Page 302 and 303: Origin of Stereotypes and Prejudice
Page 304 and 305: that good-looking people are percei
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(C) modeling. (D) diffusion of resp
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14. On the first day of class, Mr.
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error is a different attributional
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Here’s another example: A psychol
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(E) Table manners are learned by re
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Answering Free-Response Questions C
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6. When asked about a psychological
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INTERPRETING THE RUBRIC Notice how
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Point 4 — Not awarded—The stude
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(E) PTSD. 5. Which psychological pe
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(A) social facilitation (B) deindiv
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(B) contextual intelligence (C) div
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34. Which of the following statisti
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(E) adult genital stage. 45. Daniel
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(D) the fundamental attribution err
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64. Matt’s research design could
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(C) the social role hypothesis. (D)
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(A) social facilitation. (B) confor
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(D) James-Lange theory (E) opponent
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Answer Key PRACTICE TEST #1 1. D 36
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6. (C) Pascale would best be classi
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18. (B) Counterconditioning lies at
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29. (E) Of the disorders listed, ma
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40. (E) Jamie’s printer problems
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ethics. People with low self-esteem
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take the energy from impulses they
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Genna’s right hemisphere was dama
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SSRIs (serotonin selective reuptake
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effect would not be particularly he
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Question 1 Scoring Rubric This is a
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Part B Point 4 — Yerkes-Dodson la
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(A) hearing (B) touch (C) balance (
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(A) proximity and similarity (B) to
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(C) primary (physical) and secondar
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(C) unconditional positive regard (
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(E) Dreams reflect variations in br
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(C) median (D) mean (E) normal curv
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(B) semantic memory (C) procedural
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(D) disorganized, paranoid, cataton
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(C) Operant conditioning is used to
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(B) to explain the biomedical sympt
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Answer Key PRACTICE TEST #2 1. C 36
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nondamaged parts of the brain and r
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28. (D) Stimulation of the lateral
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48. (A) Psychotherapies all involve
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67. (D) Generalization occurs in cl
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hybrid cars” and “don’t own h
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Multiple-Choice Error Analysis Shee
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Point 3 — Students need to briefl
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SAMPLE STUDENT RESPONSE ESSAY 2 SCO
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