AP Psych Barrons

13. (D) The easiest and most common technique used to measure personality is a self-report
inventory. Self-report inventories are typically questionnaires on which people answer closeended
questions. Some of the other methods are more difficult to employ (e.g., observing
behavior and using brain scans). Projective tests, free association, and dream analysis are used
mainly by psychoanalysts.
14. (E) Saluja is probably in the identity versus role confusion stage during which adolescents try on
a variety of roles in an effort to define themselves. The other choices are all stages that Erikson
proposed occur at other times during one’s life.
15. (D) Daniel is learning conservation of number, a skill that Piaget believed children learn in the
concrete operational stage (ages 8–12).
16. (D) Seyle’s GAS (general adaptation syndrome) consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and
exhaustion. If a stressor wears a person out she or he reaches exhaustion and the
parasympathetic nervous system returns the body to homeostasis.
17. (E) Procedural knowledge, your knowledge of how to perform skills such as tying your shoes, is
thought to be stored in the cerebellum.
18. (A) It is easier for people and animals to learn new things when they are reinforced continuously.
If something is reinforced every time, it is easier to form a link between the action and its
consequences. Partial reinforcement schedules, however, are more resistant to extinction.
19. (C) Heroin is an opiate. Opiates are drugs that relieve pain. All the other drugs listed are
stimulants.
20. (A) The stirrup is one of the ossicles, the three bones in the middle ear. The auditory nerve
connects the cochlea to the brain. The cochlea is the structure in the inner ear in which the
organ of Corti can be found. The pinna is the name for the fleshy part of the outer ear.
21. (C) Difference threshold, or just-noticeable difference, is the amount a stimulus needs to be
changed in order for a person to detect a difference. Absolute threshold is the smallest amount
of a stimulus necessary for one to detect its presence. If you were to add salt to a plain glass of
water until someone could first taste it, you would be testing absolute threshold. Since the soup
already had some salt, this question is about difference threshold.
22. (C) A CAT or CT scan uses X-rays taken from 180 different angles to create a computerized
image that can depict the structure of the brain. MRIs can also show the structure of the brain,
but they do so by using magnetic fields. An even more advanced technology is the fMRI, which