Rene-NASA-Mooned-America

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Explaining Heat & Cold / Chap. 10 p. 84 If you didn't realize that you were removing heat by extracting the vapor you might conclude that a vacuum is inherently cold. Indeed, science fiction books, sci-fi movies, and television space operas have led us to exactly that conclusion. But this is not true. If space was as cold as we have been led to believe then any surface area of a space ship away from the heated sections could become dangerously weak and susceptible to failure. Too much cold, like too much heat, can seriously affect the structural integrity of most materials. During both the Arctic and the Antarctic winter, temperatures can drop below minus 60° F. Rubber loses much of its flexibility and metals become brittle. But this temperature, -51° C or 222° K, is relatively hot compared to absolute zero at -273° C. Refrigeration — A process which cools a substance by the physical removal of heat. Mechanical refrigeration uses a lot of power, heavy motors, pumps and a refrigerant to pump heat out of a well insulated container. The refrigerant must be able to store the heat it absorbs from the container and must also be capable of releasing that heat in the heat exchanger. Some type of pump is needed to move the hot refrigerant from the container to the heat exchanger and then bring the cool refrigerant back again. The heat exchanger is vital because it transfers the heat to a heat sink which on Earth is either the air of our atmosphere or sometimes the water of a pond, river or ocean. Without a place to dump the heat there would be no refrigeration or air conditioning as we know them. If you ran an air conditioner in a sealed room the temperature in the room would climb even though directly in front of the machine there would be a flow of colder air. Explosive Freezing — The rapid decompression of a liquid or a gas. In a CO 2 extinguisher, carbon dioxide, a colorless gas is stored under high pressure in a liquid state. When we pull the trigger the liquid, released from the pressure, rushes out into the air instantly exploding into a fine spray of extremely cold and frozen particles called dry ice. The latent heat is lost because of the tremendous change (drop) in pressure. Fuel Cells — A generator that combines a fuel and oxygen, and primarily produces DC electricity and water instead of heat. These units are similar to batteries. However, unlike a battery — which uses a chemical change to store electrical energy — a fuel cell uses a chemical process to generate relatively small amounts of electricity. Also, unlike batteries the fuel (chemicals) are not stored internally, but are fed in as the electricity is needed. Spontaneous Combustion —A process where oxidation creates more heat than is being emitted. The temperature will rise in a closed system (house, car, or LEM) when more heat is absorbed than given off. As you will see, a space ship or space suit is no different. In summation, if a vacuum was inherently cold we could air-condition and refrigerate simply by putting a vacuum chamber around the unit's radiator and then pulling a vacuum on it. NASA MOONED AMERICA! / Rene
Explaining Heat & Cold / Chap. 10 p. 85 1. Stefan-Bolzmann's Formulae I (watts) = e x a x A x K 4 c = emissivity coefficient = .5 a = Stefan's constant = 5.6703 X 10 -8 A = area in square meters K = temperature in Kelvin 2. 3/2= 1.5 3. 81/16 = 5.0625 4. p. 316, COLLEGE PHYSICS, "Tipler", 1987, Worth Publishers, Inc. 5. p. 316, Ibid. NASA MOONED AMERICA! / Rene
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NASA MOONED AMERICA ! By Ralph Rene
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INTRODUCTION Our space shuttles rou
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The GEMINI 10 SPACE WALK This pictu
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THE SPACEY TWINS # 2 I then rotated
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would never have
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I found no fault with the research
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Historically, our western beliefs a
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FOREWORD In October of '92 I receiv
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FX Pictures / Chap. 1 p. 2 liant su
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Asp / Chap. 3 p. 19 ASP The asp is
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Asp / Chap. 3 p. 21 glamorous. But
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Nasa's History & Politics / Chap. 4
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By Invitation Only / Chap. 16 p. 13
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Gotchas ! / Chap. 17 p. 143 GOTCHAS
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Gotchas ! / Chap. 17 p. 145 And eve
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Cotchas ! / Chap. 17 p. 149 (Aldrin
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Gotchas ! / Chap. 17 p. 151 However
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Gotchas ! / Chap. 17 p. 153 written
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The Conclusion / Chap. 18 p. 155 TH
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The Radioactivity Addendums p. 169
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The Mars Landing Addendum p. 176 sp
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NASA MOONED AMERICA! / Rene The Pre
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The Shadow Knows Addendum p. 180 Th
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The NASA Addendum p. 186 THE BEST F
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Bibliography p. 190 BIBLIOGRAPHY AI
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