terminology and guidelines for glaucoma ii - Kwaliteitskoepel

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$Refractiechirurgie - Nederlands Oogheelkundig Gezelschap$

3.3.1.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS 36,43 ß-Blockers Generics Tradenames Beta-1 selective: Betaxolol 0.5 - 0.25% Betoptic, Betoptic S, Betoptima Non-selective: Befunolol 0.5% Betaclar Levobunolol 0.25, 0.5% Betagan , Vistagan Metipranolol 0.1, 0.3% Betaman, Beta-ophtiole, Glausyn, Optipranolol, Turoptin Timolol 0.1, 0.25, 0.5% Aquanil, Arutimol, Cusimolol, Nyogel, Optimol, Oftamolol, Timoptic, Timoptic-XE, Timoptol, Timoptol, Timabak, Timogel, Timolabak, Timosine XE, Timosan Depot With ISA*: Carteolol 0.5-2.0% Carteolol 0.5%,1%, 2% Carteol, Carteabak Ocupress, Teoptic, Arteoptic Pindolol 2% Pindoptic *ISA: Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity. The clinical relevance of ISA in glaucoma therapy has not yet been proven. Action Decreases intraocular pressure by reduction of the aqueous humor production. Peak effect in 2 hrs. Dosage and administration Starting dose is one drop of lowest concentration of solution in the affected eye once or twice a day. If the clinical response is not adequate, the dosage may be increased to one drop of a higher concentration. Nyogel, Timolol in gelrite (Timoptic-XE, Timacar Depot, Timoptol XE, and Timosan Depot) is given once daily. No dose response curves for the different beta-blocker treatments have been established. The lowest concentration that would give the expected clinical effect should be used to avoid side defects. Dosing more than twice daily will not give any further pressure lowering effect. Minimal extra effect with dipivefrine. No extra effect with adrenaline (epinephrine). Additive effect with most other IOP-lowering agents. Preservativa-free preparations are available and may be considered Indications Elevation of intraocular pressure in patients where the IOP can be deleterious for the preservation of visual function. Beta-1 selective adrenergic antagonist despite lowering IOP less than non selective, protect visual field as well as non selective ones. Major Contraindications Non-selective: Asthma, history of obstructive pulmonary disease, sinus bradycardia (< 60 beats/min), heart block, or cardiac failure Beta-1 selective:Relative contraindication in asthma, history of obstructive pulmonary disease, sinus bradycardia (< 60 beats/min), heart block, or cardiac failure Major side effects Non-selective: Systemic: Bradycardia, arrhythmia, heart failure, syncope, bronchospasm, and airways obstruction. Distal edema, hypotension. Depression. Hypoglycemia may be masked in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Betablocking agents have been associated with nocturnal hypotension, which may be a risk factor in progression of glaucomatous optic nerve damage 52 . Ocular (uncommon): Epithelial keratopathy, slight reduction in corneal sensitivity. Beta-1 selective: Better tolerated in most patients sensitive to non-selective agents. Ch. 3 - 12 EGS
Pregnancy and nursing mothers Only to be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus or the infant. Drug interactions Oral or intravenous calcium antagonists: caution should be used in the co-administration of beta-adrenergic blocking agents and oral or intravenous calcium antagonists, because of possible atrioventricular conduction disturbances, left ventricular failure, and hypotension. Digitalis and calcium antagonists: the concomitant use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents with digitalis may have additive effects in prolonging conduction time. Catecholamine-depleting drugs: possible additive effects and the production of hypotension and/or marked bradycardia. Wash-out The time needed for beta blockers to completely lose their activity is 2-5 weeks. Ch. 3 - 13 EGS
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ISBN: 88-87434-13-1 Editrice DOGMA
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was made
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2.2.5 - Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
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Foreword These Definitions and Guid
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INTRODUCTION The aim of the book is
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Since resources are limited worldwi
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II - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS F
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II.3 - COLLABORATIVE NORMAL TENSION
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No stratification for stage of dise
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II. 6. 3 - from CNTG 1. Therapy tha
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References 1) The Ocular Hypertensi
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I - QUESTIONS TO ASK TO YOUR GLAUCO
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III - ABNORMAL THRESHOLD VISUAL FIE
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V - GONIOSCOPIC OPEN ANGLES SOME DI
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VII - TREATMENT STEPLADDER JUVENILE
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IX - MONOTHERAPY (in alphabetic ord
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XI - MANAGEMENT ACUTE ANGLE CLOSURE
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XIII - ANTIMETABOLITES FOR WOUND MO
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CHAPTER 1 PATIENT EXAMINATION
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Other methods 22-25 : Air-puff tono
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References 1) Martin XD. Normal int
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1.2 - GONIOSCOPY Gonioscopy is a fu
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1 2 3 4 Fig. 1 Dynamic indentation
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The Spaeth classification Insertion
Page 50 and 51: References 1) Palmberg P. Gonioscop
Page 52 and 53: small - size mid - size large - siz
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 5 A) Cirumlinear vessel, B) Ba
Page 56 and 57: 1.3.4.3 - OCT The Optical Coherence
Page 58 and 59: 31) Carpineto P, Ciancaglini M, Zup
Page 60 and 61: central 24 or 30 central degrees re
Page 62 and 63: A retinal sensitivity value worse t
Page 64 and 65: HODAPP CLASSIFICATION 31 EARLY GLAU
Page 66 and 67: References 1) Bengtsson B, Heijl A,
Page 68 and 69: 1.5 - BLOOD FLOW 1.5.1 - VASCULAR F
Page 70 and 71: 28) Flammer J, Orgul S, Costa VP, O
Page 72 and 73: All forms of glaucoma should be cla
Page 74 and 75: 2.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
Page 76 and 77: 2.2.4 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 78 and 79: 2.3 - SECONDARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 80 and 81: 2.3.1.6 - Glaucoma due to intraocul
Page 82 and 83: 2.4 - PRIMARY ANGLE-CLOSURE Primary
Page 84 and 85: Systemic Risk factors for primary a
Page 86 and 87: OCCLUDABLE ANGLE: “Occludable”
Page 88 and 89: 2.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
Page 90 and 91: CHAPTER 3 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES and
Page 92 and 93: Furthermore, blindness may occur de
Page 94 and 95: T A R G E T I O P Target IOP range
Page 96 and 97: Practical points for topical medica
Page 98 and 99: 3.3.1.1 - Category: ADRENERGIC AGON
Page 102 and 103: 3.3.1.3 - Category: CARBONIC ANHYDR
Page 104 and 105: 3.3.1.4 - Category: PARASYMPATHOMIM
Page 106 and 107: 3.3.1.5 - Category: PROSTAGLANDIN D
Page 108 and 109: Drug interactions Precipitation occ
Page 110 and 111: COMBINATION THERAPY Starting* Addit
Page 112 and 113: 3.3.2.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 114 and 115: Pregnancy and nursing mothers Only
Page 116 and 117: 3.5 - LASER SURGERY 3.5.1 - LASER I
Page 118 and 119: 3.5.2 - LASER TRABECULOPLASTY 77-89
Page 120 and 121: 3.5.4 - CYCLOPHOTOCOAGULATION Indic
Page 122 and 123: Although medical therapy is still t
Page 124 and 125: 3.6.4 - COMPLEX CASES Complicated g
Page 126 and 127: Post-operative use Concentration: 0
Page 128 and 129: 25) Janz NK, Wren PA, Lichter PR, M
Page 130 and 131: (Rescula TM ) in patients with glau
Page 132 and 133: in white patients with open-angle g
Page 134 and 135: CHAPTER 4 TREATMENT GUIDELINES
Page 136 and 137: 4.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
Page 138 and 139: 4.2.7 - OCULAR HYPERTENSION (OH) Al
Page 140 and 141: 4.3.1.7 - Glaucoma associated with
Page 142 and 143: • Withdrawal of aqueous from vitr
Page 144 and 145: 4.5 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUC
Page 146 and 147: 4.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
Page 148 and 149: NOTES
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NOTES
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NOTES
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