terminology and guidelines for glaucoma ii - Kwaliteitskoepel

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$Refractiechirurgie - Nederlands Oogheelkundig Gezelschap$

Pregnancy and nursing mothers Only to be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus or the infant. Drug interactions Oral or intravenous calcium antagonists: caution should be used in the co-administration of beta-adrenergic blocking agents and oral or intravenous calcium antagonists, because of possible atrioventricular conduction disturbances, left ventricular failure, and hypotension. Digitalis and calcium antagonists: the concomitant use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents with digitalis may have additive effects in prolonging conduction time. Catecholamine-depleting drugs: possible additive effects and the production of hypotension and/or marked bradycardia. Wash-out The time needed for beta blockers & latanoprost to lose their activity completely is 2-5 weeks. THE WASH-OUT TIME NEEDED FOR A TOPICALLY ADMINISTERED DRUG TO COMPLETELY LOSE ITS EFFECT VARIES GREATLY Betablockers Sympathomimetics Direct acting miotics Indirect-acting miotics Topical CAI Oral CAI Prostaglandins/ Prostamides 2-5 weeks 2 weeks 1-3 days 1 month-permanent 1 week 1 week 4-6 weeks Ch. 3 - 26 EGS
3.4 - COMPLIANCE IN GLAUCOMA Since glaucoma is a long-standing, progressive disease, which frequently requires topical medication and regular follow-up appointments, a patient’s continuous co-operation is essential for successful management. Compliance with glaucoma medications is considerably less than presumed by doctors and many patients fail to attend follow-up appointments 26-30 . Non-compliance is likely to have an important role in the progression to blindness from glaucoma 77 . Glaucoma patients are frequently old and may have diminished cognitive abilities, poor hearing and other ailments which, like arthritis, may reduce their ability to actually administer medication. Drug interactions and diminished drug tolerance must be taken into consideration. Consultation with other medical practitioners involved in the patient’s care may be necessary 23,75 . Compliance issues must be taken into account when the type of treatment is selected. Poor compliance is summarized as follows: 1. Failure to instill eye drops (including ineffective technique of self-administration) 2. Excessive use of eye drops (extra drops may cause systemic side effects) 3. Self-administration of non-prescribed eye drops 4. Improper timing of eye drops and eye drop administration for wrong reasons (a more frequent problem if nume rous drops are to be instilled and after changes in the patient’s topical medication regimen) How can compliance be improved 1. Make the patient an active and informed participant in his/her management. Glaucoma itself and the mechanism of the medication prescribed have to be explained. In addition, patients must be informed about the symptoms of potential side effects. Written and audio-visual information can be added to verbal education. If necessary, com munication with the patient’s family often helps to improve compliance. 2. The number, concentration of drug and frequency should be kept to a minimum. Ocular irritation may be decreased by reducing the number of preserved eye drops 33-35 . 3. Inconvenience caused by the medication has to be minimised, and the times of the eye drop instillation should be linked to landmarks of the patient’s daily routine. 4. The patient should be taught how to instill eye drops correctly (correct technique of instillation, lid closure, punctal occlusion, use of instillation frames, time interval between administration of different drops etc). This knowledge is to be checked in practice. Ancillary medical staff can significantly help to accomplish this work. Ch. 3 - 27 EGS
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ISBN: 88-87434-13-1 Editrice DOGMA
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was made
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2.2.5 - Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
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Foreword These Definitions and Guid
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INTRODUCTION The aim of the book is
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Since resources are limited worldwi
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II - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS F
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II.3 - COLLABORATIVE NORMAL TENSION
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No stratification for stage of dise
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II. 6. 3 - from CNTG 1. Therapy tha
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References 1) The Ocular Hypertensi
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I - QUESTIONS TO ASK TO YOUR GLAUCO
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III - ABNORMAL THRESHOLD VISUAL FIE
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V - GONIOSCOPIC OPEN ANGLES SOME DI
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VII - TREATMENT STEPLADDER JUVENILE
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IX - MONOTHERAPY (in alphabetic ord
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XI - MANAGEMENT ACUTE ANGLE CLOSURE
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XIII - ANTIMETABOLITES FOR WOUND MO
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CHAPTER 1 PATIENT EXAMINATION
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Other methods 22-25 : Air-puff tono
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References 1) Martin XD. Normal int
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1.2 - GONIOSCOPY Gonioscopy is a fu
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1 2 3 4 Fig. 1 Dynamic indentation
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The Spaeth classification Insertion
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References 1) Palmberg P. Gonioscop
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small - size mid - size large - siz
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Fig. 5 A) Cirumlinear vessel, B) Ba
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1.3.4.3 - OCT The Optical Coherence
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31) Carpineto P, Ciancaglini M, Zup
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central 24 or 30 central degrees re
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A retinal sensitivity value worse t
Page 64 and 65: HODAPP CLASSIFICATION 31 EARLY GLAU
Page 66 and 67: References 1) Bengtsson B, Heijl A,
Page 68 and 69: 1.5 - BLOOD FLOW 1.5.1 - VASCULAR F
Page 70 and 71: 28) Flammer J, Orgul S, Costa VP, O
Page 72 and 73: All forms of glaucoma should be cla
Page 74 and 75: 2.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
Page 76 and 77: 2.2.4 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 78 and 79: 2.3 - SECONDARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 80 and 81: 2.3.1.6 - Glaucoma due to intraocul
Page 82 and 83: 2.4 - PRIMARY ANGLE-CLOSURE Primary
Page 84 and 85: Systemic Risk factors for primary a
Page 86 and 87: OCCLUDABLE ANGLE: “Occludable”
Page 88 and 89: 2.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
Page 90 and 91: CHAPTER 3 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES and
Page 92 and 93: Furthermore, blindness may occur de
Page 94 and 95: T A R G E T I O P Target IOP range
Page 96 and 97: Practical points for topical medica
Page 98 and 99: 3.3.1.1 - Category: ADRENERGIC AGON
Page 100 and 101: 3.3.1.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 102 and 103: 3.3.1.3 - Category: CARBONIC ANHYDR
Page 104 and 105: 3.3.1.4 - Category: PARASYMPATHOMIM
Page 106 and 107: 3.3.1.5 - Category: PROSTAGLANDIN D
Page 108 and 109: Drug interactions Precipitation occ
Page 110 and 111: COMBINATION THERAPY Starting* Addit
Page 112 and 113: 3.3.2.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 116 and 117: 3.5 - LASER SURGERY 3.5.1 - LASER I
Page 118 and 119: 3.5.2 - LASER TRABECULOPLASTY 77-89
Page 120 and 121: 3.5.4 - CYCLOPHOTOCOAGULATION Indic
Page 122 and 123: Although medical therapy is still t
Page 124 and 125: 3.6.4 - COMPLEX CASES Complicated g
Page 126 and 127: Post-operative use Concentration: 0
Page 128 and 129: 25) Janz NK, Wren PA, Lichter PR, M
Page 130 and 131: (Rescula TM ) in patients with glau
Page 132 and 133: in white patients with open-angle g
Page 134 and 135: CHAPTER 4 TREATMENT GUIDELINES
Page 136 and 137: 4.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
Page 138 and 139: 4.2.7 - OCULAR HYPERTENSION (OH) Al
Page 140 and 141: 4.3.1.7 - Glaucoma associated with
Page 142 and 143: • Withdrawal of aqueous from vitr
Page 144 and 145: 4.5 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUC
Page 146 and 147: 4.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
Page 148 and 149: NOTES
Page 150 and 151: NOTES
Page 152: NOTES
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terminology and guidelines for glaucoma ii - Kwaliteitskoepel

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