terminology and guidelines for glaucoma ii - Kwaliteitskoepel

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$Refractiechirurgie - Nederlands Oogheelkundig Gezelschap$

3.3.1.4 - Category: PARASYMPATHOMIMETICS (CHOLINERGIC DRUGS) 44,45 Generics Tradenames Direct-acting: Pilocarpine 0.5-4% E-pilo, Isopto Carpine, Pilagan, Pilocar, Pilogel, Pilomann, Pilopine, Pilopine HS Gel, Pilostat, Spersacarpine, Isopto Carpine Aceclidine 2% Glaucostat Glaucostate, Glaunorm Carbachol 0.75-3% Isopto Carbachol, Karbakolin Isopto Acetylcholine 1% Miochol Indirect-acting: Demecarium bromide 0.125, 0.25% Humorsol, Tosmilen Ecothiophate iodide 0.03-0.25% Phospholine Iodide, Echodide Physostigmine Eserine Combinations: Pilocarpine + Physostigmine Piloeserine Carbachol 0.75% + Pilocarpine 2% +HCl Procaine 2% Mios Action Increase in facility of outflow of aqueous humor. Direct action on longitudinal ciliary muscle. Dosage and administration Direct-acting: Pilocarpine 1-4% Pilocarpine gel Ocuserts 20 or 40 µg/hr Carbachol 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25%, and 3% Acetylcholine 1:100 solution Aceclidine 2% Indirect-acting: Demecarium bromide 0.125 and 0.25% Ecothiophate iodide 0.03-0.25% Lowers IOP after 1 hr, lasts 6-7 hrs; usually given QID or TID in solutions with hydrophilic polymers. Once daily at bedtime. Usually once weekly Three times daily. For intracameral use during surgery BID (induces less accommodative spasm, a smaller increase in lens thickness and a lower reduction of the chamber depth compared to pilocarpine). Twice a day, at bedtime and in the morning. Once or twice a day, at bedtime and in the morning. Indications Direct-acting: Elevation of intraocular pressure in patients where the IOP can be deleterious for the preservation of visual function. Indirect-acting: POAG in aphakia / pseudophakia where surgery is refused or not feasible, in cases that are not con trolled on other less potent agents. These cases may respond satisfactory to ecothiophate iodide 0.03% or demecarium bromide 0.125% twice a day. Major contraindications Direct-acting: Age < 40 yrs, cataract, uveitis and neovascular glaucoma. Assess possible worsening of pupillary block in each case of angle-closure glaucoma. Indirect-acting: Active uveitis. Ch. 3 - 16 EGS
Precautions Direct-acting: Axial myopia, history of retinal detachment or rhegmatogenous retinal lesions. Indirect-acting: Should be used with extreme caution in patients with marked vagotonia, bronchial asthma, spastic gastrointestinal disturbances, peptic ulcer, pronounced bradycardia and hypotension, recent myocardial infarction, epilepsy and Parkinsonism. Priory history of retinal detachment or rhegmatogenous retinal lesions. General anesthesia with curarization. Major side effects Direct-acting: Systemic: Intestinal cramps, branchospasm. Ocular: Miosis, pseudomyopia (up to 8D), browache, retinal detachment, ciliary spasm, increased pupillary block. Indirect-acting: Systemic: Cardiac irregularities, intestinal cramps. Ocular: Stinging, burning, lacrimation, browache, pseudomyopia, retinal detachment, conjunctival thickening, increased pupillary block, iris cysts, cataract. Pregnancy and nursing mothers Direct-acting: Only to be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus or the infant. Indirect-acting: Contraindicated Drug interactions Direct-acting: A competitive interaction on outflow with prostaglandins is assumed, since contraction of the ciliary muscle reduces the uveoscleral space. Indirect-acting: Patients undergoing systemic anticholinesterase treatment should be warned of the possible additive effects of the indirect-acting parasympathomimetics. General anesthesia with muscle relaxants. Wash-out The time needed to completely lose their activity: Direct acting: 3 days Indirect acting: several weeks. Some are irreversible. Ch. 3 - 17 EGS
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ISBN: 88-87434-13-1 Editrice DOGMA
Page 4 and 5:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was made
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2.2.5 - Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Page 8 and 9:
Foreword These Definitions and Guid
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INTRODUCTION The aim of the book is
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Since resources are limited worldwi
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II - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS F
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II.3 - COLLABORATIVE NORMAL TENSION
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No stratification for stage of dise
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II. 6. 3 - from CNTG 1. Therapy tha
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References 1) The Ocular Hypertensi
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I - QUESTIONS TO ASK TO YOUR GLAUCO
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III - ABNORMAL THRESHOLD VISUAL FIE
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V - GONIOSCOPIC OPEN ANGLES SOME DI
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VII - TREATMENT STEPLADDER JUVENILE
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IX - MONOTHERAPY (in alphabetic ord
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XI - MANAGEMENT ACUTE ANGLE CLOSURE
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XIII - ANTIMETABOLITES FOR WOUND MO
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CHAPTER 1 PATIENT EXAMINATION
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Other methods 22-25 : Air-puff tono
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References 1) Martin XD. Normal int
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1.2 - GONIOSCOPY Gonioscopy is a fu
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1 2 3 4 Fig. 1 Dynamic indentation
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The Spaeth classification Insertion
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References 1) Palmberg P. Gonioscop
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small - size mid - size large - siz
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 5 A) Cirumlinear vessel, B) Ba
Page 56 and 57: 1.3.4.3 - OCT The Optical Coherence
Page 58 and 59: 31) Carpineto P, Ciancaglini M, Zup
Page 60 and 61: central 24 or 30 central degrees re
Page 62 and 63: A retinal sensitivity value worse t
Page 64 and 65: HODAPP CLASSIFICATION 31 EARLY GLAU
Page 66 and 67: References 1) Bengtsson B, Heijl A,
Page 68 and 69: 1.5 - BLOOD FLOW 1.5.1 - VASCULAR F
Page 70 and 71: 28) Flammer J, Orgul S, Costa VP, O
Page 72 and 73: All forms of glaucoma should be cla
Page 74 and 75: 2.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
Page 76 and 77: 2.2.4 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 78 and 79: 2.3 - SECONDARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 80 and 81: 2.3.1.6 - Glaucoma due to intraocul
Page 82 and 83: 2.4 - PRIMARY ANGLE-CLOSURE Primary
Page 84 and 85: Systemic Risk factors for primary a
Page 86 and 87: OCCLUDABLE ANGLE: “Occludable”
Page 88 and 89: 2.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
Page 90 and 91: CHAPTER 3 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES and
Page 92 and 93: Furthermore, blindness may occur de
Page 94 and 95: T A R G E T I O P Target IOP range
Page 96 and 97: Practical points for topical medica
Page 98 and 99: 3.3.1.1 - Category: ADRENERGIC AGON
Page 100 and 101: 3.3.1.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 102 and 103: 3.3.1.3 - Category: CARBONIC ANHYDR
Page 106 and 107: 3.3.1.5 - Category: PROSTAGLANDIN D
Page 108 and 109: Drug interactions Precipitation occ
Page 110 and 111: COMBINATION THERAPY Starting* Addit
Page 112 and 113: 3.3.2.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 114 and 115: Pregnancy and nursing mothers Only
Page 116 and 117: 3.5 - LASER SURGERY 3.5.1 - LASER I
Page 118 and 119: 3.5.2 - LASER TRABECULOPLASTY 77-89
Page 120 and 121: 3.5.4 - CYCLOPHOTOCOAGULATION Indic
Page 122 and 123: Although medical therapy is still t
Page 124 and 125: 3.6.4 - COMPLEX CASES Complicated g
Page 126 and 127: Post-operative use Concentration: 0
Page 128 and 129: 25) Janz NK, Wren PA, Lichter PR, M
Page 130 and 131: (Rescula TM ) in patients with glau
Page 132 and 133: in white patients with open-angle g
Page 134 and 135: CHAPTER 4 TREATMENT GUIDELINES
Page 136 and 137: 4.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
Page 138 and 139: 4.2.7 - OCULAR HYPERTENSION (OH) Al
Page 140 and 141: 4.3.1.7 - Glaucoma associated with
Page 142 and 143: • Withdrawal of aqueous from vitr
Page 144 and 145: 4.5 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUC
Page 146 and 147: 4.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
Page 148 and 149: NOTES
Page 150 and 151: NOTES
Page 152: NOTES
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