terminology and guidelines for glaucoma ii - Kwaliteitskoepel

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$Refractiechirurgie - Nederlands Oogheelkundig Gezelschap$

31) Carpineto P, Ciancaglini M, Zuppardi E, et al. Reliability of nerve fiber layer thickness measurement using OCT in normal and glaucomatous patients. Ophthalmology 2003;110:190-195. 32) Parisi V, Manni G, Centofanti M, et a. Correlation between optical coherence tomography, pattern electroretinogram, and visual evoked potentials in open-angle glaucoma patients. Ophthalmology 2001;108:905-912. 33) Zeimer R, Asrani S, Zou S, Quigley H, Jampel H. Quantitative detection of glaucomatous damage at the posterior pole by retinal thickness mapping. Ophthalmology 1998;105:224-231. 34) Brusini P, Tosoni C, Miani F. Retinal thickness measurements in chronic glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Perimetry Update 2000/2001, Kugler Publ, The Hague, The Netherlands 2001;29-34. 35) Spaeth GL, Katz LJ, Terebuth AK. Managing glaucoma on the basis of tissue damage: a therapeutic approach based largely on the appearance of the optic disc. In: Krieglestein GK (eds). Glaucoma Update V. Kaden, 1995. 36) Fazio P, Krupin T, Feitl ME, Werner EB, Carrè DA. Optic disc topography in patients with low-tension and primary open-angle glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 1990;108:705-708. 37) Miller KM, Quigley HA. Comparison of optic disc features in low-tension and typical open-angle glaucoma. Ophthal Surg 1987;18:882-889. 38) Caprioli J, Spaeth GL. Comparison of the optic nerve head in high- and low-tension glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 1985;103:1145-1149. 39) Bayer A, Hararymowycz P, Henderer JD, Steissmann WG, Spaeth G. Validity of a new disk grading scale for etimating glaucomatous damage: consideration with visual field damage. Am J Ophthalmol 2002;133:758-763. 40) Goji T. The optic nerve head in normal-tension glaucoma. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2000;11:116-120. 41) Iester M, Mikelberg FS. Optic nerve head morphologic characteristics in high-tension and normal-tension glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 1999;117:1010-1013. 42) Chauhan BC, McCormick TA, Nicolela MT, LeBlanc RP. Optic disc and visual field changes in a prospective \ longitudinal study of patients with glaucoma. Comparison of scanning laser tomography with conventional perimetry and optic disc photography. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:1492-1499. 43) Kamal DS, Garway-Heath DF, Hitchings RA, Fitzke FW. Use of sequential Heidelberg retina tomograph images to identify changes at the optic disc in ocular hypertensive patients at risk of developing glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84:993-998. 44) Spaeth GL. Development of glaucomatous changes of the optic nerve. In: Varma R, Spaeth GL, Parker KW (eds). The optic nerve in glaucoma. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, 1993. 45) Jonas JB. Biomorphometric des Nervus optikus. Stuttgart, Enke-Verlag, 1990. 46) Tuulonen A, Airaksinen PJ. Initial Galucomatous optic disk and retinal nerve fiber layer abnormalities and their progression. Am J Ophthalmol 1991;111:485-490. 47) Quigley HA. II. Changes in the appearance of the optic disk. Surv Ophthalmol 1985;30:117-126. 48) Henderer JD, Liu C, Kesen M, Altangered U, Bayer A, Steinmann WC, Spaeth GL. Reliability of the disk damage likelihood scale. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;15:44-48. Ch. 1 - 23 EGS
1.4 - VISUAL FIELD The field of vision is defined as the area that is perceived when both eyes are open. Clinically, each eye is assessed independently. Please see FC II, III, IV. There are two main methods of testing the visual field (VF): A) Kinetic perimetry: a stimulus is moved from a nonseeing area of the visual field to a seeing area along a set meridian. The procedure is repeated with the same stimulus along other meridians, usually spaced every 15°. The luminance and size of the target is changed in order to plot areas of different light sensitivity. B) Static perimetry: the size and location of the test target remain constant. The retinal sensitivity or threshold at a specific location is determined by varying the brightness of the test target. The shape of the hill of vision is defined by repeating the threshold measurement at various locations in the field of vision. In this chapter we refer mainly to Humphrey and Octopus perimeters, which are the most popular in Europe; several other brands offer similar examination capabilities. 1.4.1 - APOSTILBS & DECIBELS In perimetry the luminance of the test target is measured in Apostilbs (asb). 1 asb = 0.3183 candela/m2 = 0.1 millilambert The decibel scale is a relative scale created by the manufacturers of automated perimeters to measure the sensitivity each tested point of the hill of vision. It is an inverted logarithmic scale. Zero decibels is set as the brightest stimulus Apostilbs Humphrey Decibels Octopus Decibels 0.1 50 40 1 40 30 1000 10 0 10000 0 - 1 bel = 1 log Unit = tenfold change in intensity 1 decibel = 0.1 log Unit Decibel = dB that each perimeter can produce. The decibel scale is not standardised because the maximal luminance of the stimulus varies between instruments. It is important to note that: 1) “0” dB do not correspond to the same stimulus luminance for Humphrey and Octopus 2) “0” dB does not mean a blind area but rather an area where the sensitivity of the retina to the stimulus is below the maximum brightness for a given perimeter. 1.4.2 - STATIC VISUAL FIELD EXAM 1.4.2.1 - Reference tests for glaucoma 1.4.2.1.1 - Conventional techniques Humphrey Perimeter, programs 24-2 or 30-2, or Octopus 32 measure the retinal sensitivity at 54 or 76 points in the Ch. 1 - 24 EGS
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ISBN: 88-87434-13-1 Editrice DOGMA
Page 4 and 5:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was made
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2.2.5 - Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Page 8 and 9: Foreword These Definitions and Guid
Page 10 and 11: INTRODUCTION The aim of the book is
Page 12 and 13: Since resources are limited worldwi
Page 14 and 15: II - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS F
Page 16 and 17: II.3 - COLLABORATIVE NORMAL TENSION
Page 18 and 19: No stratification for stage of dise
Page 20 and 21: II. 6. 3 - from CNTG 1. Therapy tha
Page 22 and 23: References 1) The Ocular Hypertensi
Page 24 and 25: I - QUESTIONS TO ASK TO YOUR GLAUCO
Page 26 and 27: III - ABNORMAL THRESHOLD VISUAL FIE
Page 28 and 29: V - GONIOSCOPIC OPEN ANGLES SOME DI
Page 30 and 31: VII - TREATMENT STEPLADDER JUVENILE
Page 32 and 33: IX - MONOTHERAPY (in alphabetic ord
Page 34 and 35: XI - MANAGEMENT ACUTE ANGLE CLOSURE
Page 36 and 37: XIII - ANTIMETABOLITES FOR WOUND MO
Page 38 and 39: CHAPTER 1 PATIENT EXAMINATION
Page 40 and 41: Other methods 22-25 : Air-puff tono
Page 42 and 43: References 1) Martin XD. Normal int
Page 44 and 45: 1.2 - GONIOSCOPY Gonioscopy is a fu
Page 46 and 47: 1 2 3 4 Fig. 1 Dynamic indentation
Page 48 and 49: The Spaeth classification Insertion
Page 50 and 51: References 1) Palmberg P. Gonioscop
Page 52 and 53: small - size mid - size large - siz
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 5 A) Cirumlinear vessel, B) Ba
Page 56 and 57: 1.3.4.3 - OCT The Optical Coherence
Page 60 and 61: central 24 or 30 central degrees re
Page 62 and 63: A retinal sensitivity value worse t
Page 64 and 65: HODAPP CLASSIFICATION 31 EARLY GLAU
Page 66 and 67: References 1) Bengtsson B, Heijl A,
Page 68 and 69: 1.5 - BLOOD FLOW 1.5.1 - VASCULAR F
Page 70 and 71: 28) Flammer J, Orgul S, Costa VP, O
Page 72 and 73: All forms of glaucoma should be cla
Page 74 and 75: 2.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
Page 76 and 77: 2.2.4 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 78 and 79: 2.3 - SECONDARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 80 and 81: 2.3.1.6 - Glaucoma due to intraocul
Page 82 and 83: 2.4 - PRIMARY ANGLE-CLOSURE Primary
Page 84 and 85: Systemic Risk factors for primary a
Page 86 and 87: OCCLUDABLE ANGLE: “Occludable”
Page 88 and 89: 2.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
Page 90 and 91: CHAPTER 3 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES and
Page 92 and 93: Furthermore, blindness may occur de
Page 94 and 95: T A R G E T I O P Target IOP range
Page 96 and 97: Practical points for topical medica
Page 98 and 99: 3.3.1.1 - Category: ADRENERGIC AGON
Page 100 and 101: 3.3.1.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 102 and 103: 3.3.1.3 - Category: CARBONIC ANHYDR
Page 104 and 105: 3.3.1.4 - Category: PARASYMPATHOMIM
Page 106 and 107: 3.3.1.5 - Category: PROSTAGLANDIN D
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Drug interactions Precipitation occ
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COMBINATION THERAPY Starting* Addit
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3.3.2.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
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Pregnancy and nursing mothers Only
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3.5 - LASER SURGERY 3.5.1 - LASER I
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3.5.2 - LASER TRABECULOPLASTY 77-89
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3.5.4 - CYCLOPHOTOCOAGULATION Indic
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Although medical therapy is still t
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3.6.4 - COMPLEX CASES Complicated g
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Post-operative use Concentration: 0
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25) Janz NK, Wren PA, Lichter PR, M
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(Rescula TM ) in patients with glau
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in white patients with open-angle g
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CHAPTER 4 TREATMENT GUIDELINES
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4.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
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4.2.7 - OCULAR HYPERTENSION (OH) Al
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4.3.1.7 - Glaucoma associated with
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• Withdrawal of aqueous from vitr
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4.5 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUC
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4.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
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NOTES
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NOTES
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NOTES
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