terminology and guidelines for glaucoma ii - Kwaliteitskoepel

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$Refractiechirurgie - Nederlands Oogheelkundig Gezelschap$

COMBINATION THERAPY Starting* Additional* Remarks α2-agonists β-blockers topical CAI prostaglandis prostamides sympathomimetics Good additive IOP - lowering effect Additional IOP lowering effect is relatively poor β-blockers α 2 -agonist Good additive IOP - lowering effect topical CAIs Good additive IOP - lowering effect Available in combined preparation prostaglandins Good additive IOP - lowering effect Available in combined preparation prostamides Good additive IOP - lowering effect sympathomimetics Topical CAIs Cholinergic Prostaglandin Prostamides α 2 -agonists β-blockers prostaglandins prostamides sympathomimetics α 2 -agonists β-blockers topical CAIs α 2 -agonists β-blockers topical CAI sympathomimetics α 2 -agonists β-blockers topical CAI sympathomimetics Available in combined preparation Additional IOP lowering effect is relatively poor Available in combined preparation Available in combined preparation * these columns are listed in alphabetic order Ch. 3 - 22 EGS
3.3.2.1 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS ANDPARASYMPATHOMIMETICS ß-Blockers & Pilocarpine Generics Metipranolol 0.1% and pilocarpine 2% Timolol 0.5% and pilocarpine 1% to 4% Carteolol 2% and Pilocarpine Tradenames Ripix, Normoglaucon Timpilo, Fotil ,Equiton, Timicon. Carpilo Action Decreased intraocular pressure by reduction of the aqueous humor production. Increase a facility of outflow of aqueous humor. Direct action on longitudinal ciliary muscle. Peak effect in 2 hrs. Dosage and administration Starting dose is one drop of lowest concentration of solution in the affected eye twice a day. If the clinical response is not adequate, the dosage may be increased to one drop of a higher concentration. Dosing more than twice daily will not give any further pressure lowering effect. Indications Elevations of intraocular pressure in patients where the IOP can be deleterious for the preservation of visual function, where the target IOP is not obtained with less potent agents. Major Contraindications Asthma, history of obstructive pulmonary disease, sinus bradycardia (< 60 beats/min), heart block, or cardiac failure. Relative contraindication in history of obstructive pulmonary disease, Young age < 40 yrs old, cataract, uveitis and neovascular glaucoma. Assess worsening of pupillary block in angleclosure glaucomas. Precautions Extreme caution in patients with marked vagotonia, bronchial asthma, spastic gastrointestinal disturbances, peptic ulcer, pronounced bradycardia and hyotension, recent myocardial infarction, epilepsy and Parkinsonism. Prior history of retinal detachment or rhegmatogenous retinal lesions. Major side effects Systemic: Bradycardia, arrhythmia, heart failure, syncope, bronchospasm, and airways obstruction. Peripheral edema, hypotension. Depression. Hypoglycemia may be masked in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Intestinal cramps. Ocular: Epithelial keratopathy, slight reduction in corneal sensitivity. Miosis, pseudomyopia, browache, retinal detachment, ciliary spasm, increased pupillary block. Pregnancy and nursing mothers Only to be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus or the infant. Drug interactions Caution should be used in the co-administration of beta-adrenergic blocking agents and oral or intravenous calcium antagonists, because of possible atrioventricular conduction disturbances, left ventricular failure, and hypotension. Digitalis and calcium antagonists: the concomitant use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents with digitalis and calcium antagonists may have additive effects in prolonging conduction time. A competitive dualism on outflow with prostaglandins is assumed, since parasympathomimetics induce contraction of the ciliary muscle which reduces the uveoscleral space. Wash-out The time needed for beta blockers to lose their activity completely is 2-4 weeks; for pilocarpine is 1-3 days. Ch. 3 - 23 EGS
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ISBN: 88-87434-13-1 Editrice DOGMA
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was made
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2.2.5 - Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
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Foreword These Definitions and Guid
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INTRODUCTION The aim of the book is
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Since resources are limited worldwi
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II - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS F
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II.3 - COLLABORATIVE NORMAL TENSION
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No stratification for stage of dise
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II. 6. 3 - from CNTG 1. Therapy tha
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References 1) The Ocular Hypertensi
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I - QUESTIONS TO ASK TO YOUR GLAUCO
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III - ABNORMAL THRESHOLD VISUAL FIE
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V - GONIOSCOPIC OPEN ANGLES SOME DI
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VII - TREATMENT STEPLADDER JUVENILE
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IX - MONOTHERAPY (in alphabetic ord
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XI - MANAGEMENT ACUTE ANGLE CLOSURE
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XIII - ANTIMETABOLITES FOR WOUND MO
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CHAPTER 1 PATIENT EXAMINATION
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Other methods 22-25 : Air-puff tono
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References 1) Martin XD. Normal int
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1.2 - GONIOSCOPY Gonioscopy is a fu
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1 2 3 4 Fig. 1 Dynamic indentation
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The Spaeth classification Insertion
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References 1) Palmberg P. Gonioscop
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small - size mid - size large - siz
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Fig. 5 A) Cirumlinear vessel, B) Ba
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1.3.4.3 - OCT The Optical Coherence
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31) Carpineto P, Ciancaglini M, Zup
Page 60 and 61: central 24 or 30 central degrees re
Page 62 and 63: A retinal sensitivity value worse t
Page 64 and 65: HODAPP CLASSIFICATION 31 EARLY GLAU
Page 66 and 67: References 1) Bengtsson B, Heijl A,
Page 68 and 69: 1.5 - BLOOD FLOW 1.5.1 - VASCULAR F
Page 70 and 71: 28) Flammer J, Orgul S, Costa VP, O
Page 72 and 73: All forms of glaucoma should be cla
Page 74 and 75: 2.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
Page 76 and 77: 2.2.4 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 78 and 79: 2.3 - SECONDARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 80 and 81: 2.3.1.6 - Glaucoma due to intraocul
Page 82 and 83: 2.4 - PRIMARY ANGLE-CLOSURE Primary
Page 84 and 85: Systemic Risk factors for primary a
Page 86 and 87: OCCLUDABLE ANGLE: “Occludable”
Page 88 and 89: 2.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
Page 90 and 91: CHAPTER 3 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES and
Page 92 and 93: Furthermore, blindness may occur de
Page 94 and 95: T A R G E T I O P Target IOP range
Page 96 and 97: Practical points for topical medica
Page 98 and 99: 3.3.1.1 - Category: ADRENERGIC AGON
Page 100 and 101: 3.3.1.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 102 and 103: 3.3.1.3 - Category: CARBONIC ANHYDR
Page 104 and 105: 3.3.1.4 - Category: PARASYMPATHOMIM
Page 106 and 107: 3.3.1.5 - Category: PROSTAGLANDIN D
Page 108 and 109: Drug interactions Precipitation occ
Page 112 and 113: 3.3.2.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 114 and 115: Pregnancy and nursing mothers Only
Page 116 and 117: 3.5 - LASER SURGERY 3.5.1 - LASER I
Page 118 and 119: 3.5.2 - LASER TRABECULOPLASTY 77-89
Page 120 and 121: 3.5.4 - CYCLOPHOTOCOAGULATION Indic
Page 122 and 123: Although medical therapy is still t
Page 124 and 125: 3.6.4 - COMPLEX CASES Complicated g
Page 126 and 127: Post-operative use Concentration: 0
Page 128 and 129: 25) Janz NK, Wren PA, Lichter PR, M
Page 130 and 131: (Rescula TM ) in patients with glau
Page 132 and 133: in white patients with open-angle g
Page 134 and 135: CHAPTER 4 TREATMENT GUIDELINES
Page 136 and 137: 4.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
Page 138 and 139: 4.2.7 - OCULAR HYPERTENSION (OH) Al
Page 140 and 141: 4.3.1.7 - Glaucoma associated with
Page 142 and 143: • Withdrawal of aqueous from vitr
Page 144 and 145: 4.5 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUC
Page 146 and 147: 4.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
Page 148 and 149: NOTES
Page 150 and 151: NOTES
Page 152: NOTES
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