terminology and guidelines for glaucoma ii - Kwaliteitskoepel

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$Refractiechirurgie - Nederlands Oogheelkundig Gezelschap$

3.3.1.3 - Category: CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS 46 Generics Tradenames Topical: Brinzolamide 1% Azopt Dorzolamide 2% Trusopt Systemic: Acetazolamide Diamox, Diamox Sequels, Diamox Retard Dichlorphenamide Methazolamide Antidrasi, Daranide, Glaumid, Oralcon Neptazane Action Topical: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Reduces aqueous formation resulting in lowered IOP. Systemic: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Reduces aqueous formation resulting in lowered IOP. Dosage and administration Topical: Dorzolamide 2% Monotherapy: three times daily. As adjunctive therapy with topical betablocker: two times daily Brinzolamide 1% Monotherapy: two - three times daily As adjunctive therapy with topical betablocker: two times daily Systemic: Acetazolamide 250 mg tablets (given QID as full dose) 500 mg slow- release capsule (given BID as full dose) Dichlorphenamide 50 mg 1-3 times daily Methazolamide 50-100 mg 2-3 times daily Indications Topical: Elevations of intraocular pressure in patients where the IOP can be deleterious for the preservation of visual function. Systemic: When topical medications not effective or feasible. When long-term systemic CAI are needed, glaucoma surgery should be considered. Major contraindications Topical: Hypersensitivity to any component of the product Systemic: Contraindicated in situations in which sodium and/or potassium blood levels are depressed, in cases of kidney and liver disease or dysfunction, in suprarenal gland failure, and in hyperchloremic acidosis. Precautions Topical: For the treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma attack with corneal edema and inflamed conjunctiva, systemic CAI treatment is preferable. In patients with low corneal endothelial cell count, there is increased risk of corneal edema. Since no data on patients with severe renal impairment (CrCl < 30 mL/ml) are available, they should not be used in such patients. The concomitant use of topical and oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is not additive and not recommended. These compounds are sulfonamides; the same kind of adverse reactions that are attributable to any sulfonamide may occur. Systemic: Increasing the dose may increase the incidence of drowsiness and /or paresthesia. Adverse reaction common to all sulfonamide derivatives may occur like anaphylaxis, fever rash (erythema multiforme), Stevens-Johnson syndrome, bone marrow depression, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, pancytopenia and agranulocytosis. Some of the above can be irreversible and lethal. If the patient is on another diuretic orally periodic monitoring of serum electrolytes is indicated. Ch. 3 - 14 EGS
Major side effects Topical: Ocular burning, stinging, bitter taste, superficial punctate keratitis, blurred vision, tearing, headache, urticaria, angioedema, pruritus, asthenia, dizziness, paresthesia and transient myopia. Systemic: Paresthesias, hearing dysfunction, tinnitus, loss of appetite, taste alteration, gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Depression, decreased libido, gastrointestinal symptoms, kidney stones, blood dyscrasias. Metabolic acidosis and electrolyte imbalance may occur. Adverse reaction common to all sulfonamide derivatives may occur like anaphylaxis, fever rash (erythema multiforme), Steven-Johnson syndrome, bone marrow depression, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, pancytopenia and agranulocytosis. Pregnancy and nursing mothers Topical: Only to be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus or the infant. Systemic: Only to be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus or the infant.(Teratogenic effect seen from high doses of systemic CAIs in some animal species). Women of childbearing age should be warned of possible teratogenic effect. Drug interactions Topical: Specific drug interaction studies have not yet been performed Systemic: Should be used with caution in patients on steroid therapy because of the potential for developing hypokalemia. Wash-out The time needed to completely lose their activity: Topical CAI 1 week SystemicCAI 3 days Ch. 3 - 15 EGS
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ISBN: 88-87434-13-1 Editrice DOGMA
Page 4 and 5:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was made
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2.2.5 - Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
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Foreword These Definitions and Guid
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INTRODUCTION The aim of the book is
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Since resources are limited worldwi
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II - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS F
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II.3 - COLLABORATIVE NORMAL TENSION
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No stratification for stage of dise
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II. 6. 3 - from CNTG 1. Therapy tha
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References 1) The Ocular Hypertensi
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I - QUESTIONS TO ASK TO YOUR GLAUCO
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III - ABNORMAL THRESHOLD VISUAL FIE
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V - GONIOSCOPIC OPEN ANGLES SOME DI
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VII - TREATMENT STEPLADDER JUVENILE
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IX - MONOTHERAPY (in alphabetic ord
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XI - MANAGEMENT ACUTE ANGLE CLOSURE
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XIII - ANTIMETABOLITES FOR WOUND MO
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CHAPTER 1 PATIENT EXAMINATION
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Other methods 22-25 : Air-puff tono
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References 1) Martin XD. Normal int
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1.2 - GONIOSCOPY Gonioscopy is a fu
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1 2 3 4 Fig. 1 Dynamic indentation
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The Spaeth classification Insertion
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References 1) Palmberg P. Gonioscop
Page 52 and 53: small - size mid - size large - siz
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 5 A) Cirumlinear vessel, B) Ba
Page 56 and 57: 1.3.4.3 - OCT The Optical Coherence
Page 58 and 59: 31) Carpineto P, Ciancaglini M, Zup
Page 60 and 61: central 24 or 30 central degrees re
Page 62 and 63: A retinal sensitivity value worse t
Page 64 and 65: HODAPP CLASSIFICATION 31 EARLY GLAU
Page 66 and 67: References 1) Bengtsson B, Heijl A,
Page 68 and 69: 1.5 - BLOOD FLOW 1.5.1 - VASCULAR F
Page 70 and 71: 28) Flammer J, Orgul S, Costa VP, O
Page 72 and 73: All forms of glaucoma should be cla
Page 74 and 75: 2.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
Page 76 and 77: 2.2.4 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 78 and 79: 2.3 - SECONDARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 80 and 81: 2.3.1.6 - Glaucoma due to intraocul
Page 82 and 83: 2.4 - PRIMARY ANGLE-CLOSURE Primary
Page 84 and 85: Systemic Risk factors for primary a
Page 86 and 87: OCCLUDABLE ANGLE: “Occludable”
Page 88 and 89: 2.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
Page 90 and 91: CHAPTER 3 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES and
Page 92 and 93: Furthermore, blindness may occur de
Page 94 and 95: T A R G E T I O P Target IOP range
Page 96 and 97: Practical points for topical medica
Page 98 and 99: 3.3.1.1 - Category: ADRENERGIC AGON
Page 100 and 101: 3.3.1.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 104 and 105: 3.3.1.4 - Category: PARASYMPATHOMIM
Page 106 and 107: 3.3.1.5 - Category: PROSTAGLANDIN D
Page 108 and 109: Drug interactions Precipitation occ
Page 110 and 111: COMBINATION THERAPY Starting* Addit
Page 112 and 113: 3.3.2.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 114 and 115: Pregnancy and nursing mothers Only
Page 116 and 117: 3.5 - LASER SURGERY 3.5.1 - LASER I
Page 118 and 119: 3.5.2 - LASER TRABECULOPLASTY 77-89
Page 120 and 121: 3.5.4 - CYCLOPHOTOCOAGULATION Indic
Page 122 and 123: Although medical therapy is still t
Page 124 and 125: 3.6.4 - COMPLEX CASES Complicated g
Page 126 and 127: Post-operative use Concentration: 0
Page 128 and 129: 25) Janz NK, Wren PA, Lichter PR, M
Page 130 and 131: (Rescula TM ) in patients with glau
Page 132 and 133: in white patients with open-angle g
Page 134 and 135: CHAPTER 4 TREATMENT GUIDELINES
Page 136 and 137: 4.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
Page 138 and 139: 4.2.7 - OCULAR HYPERTENSION (OH) Al
Page 140 and 141: 4.3.1.7 - Glaucoma associated with
Page 142 and 143: • Withdrawal of aqueous from vitr
Page 144 and 145: 4.5 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUC
Page 146 and 147: 4.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
Page 148 and 149: NOTES
Page 150 and 151: NOTES
Page 152:
NOTES
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