terminology and guidelines for glaucoma ii - Kwaliteitskoepel

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$Refractiechirurgie - Nederlands Oogheelkundig Gezelschap$

2.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUCOMA WITH POSTERIOR ‘PUSHING’ MECHANISM WITHOUT PUPILLARY BLOCK 2.5.3.1 - Aqueous misdirection (ciliary block or malignant) glaucoma Etiology: Angle-closure is caused by the ciliary body and iris rotating forward Pathomechanism: * The lens may be proportionally abnormally large or swollen, as in phacomorphic mechanism * Aqueous humour accumulates in the vitreous body (posterior aqueous humour misdirection) or behind and around the crystalline lens (perilenticular misdirection) or behind the iridocapsular diaphragm or posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCL) after extracapsular cataract surgery, with or without PCL implantation (retrocapsular misdirection) 12 * Frequently precipitated by ocular surgery and flat anterior chamber 8 * Predisposition may be similar in both eyes particularly in small eyes 2.5.3.2 - Iris and ciliary body cysts , intraocular tumors 2.5.3.3 - Silicon oil or gas implanted in the vitreous cavity 15 2.5.3.4 - Uveal effusion 16,17 due to: a - Inflammation as in scleritis, uveitis, HIV infection b - Increased choroidal venous pressure as in nanophthalmos, scleral buckling, panretinal photocoagulation, central retinal vein occlusion, arterio-venous communication c - Tumor 2.5.3.5 - Retinopathy of prematurity (stage V) Features: Signs and Symptoms: Variable discomfort, pain, redness, corneal edema IOP ≥ 21 mm Hg Axially shallow anterior chamber 2.5.3.6 - Congenital anomalies that can be associated with secondary glaucoma Etiology: Familial iris hypoplasia, anomalous superficial iris vessels, aniridia, Sturge - Weber syndrome, neurofibromatosis, Marfan’s syndrome, Pierre Robin syndrome, homocystinuria, goniodysgenesis, Lowe’s syndrome, microcornea, microspherophakia, rubella, broad thumb syndrome, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous Pathomechanism: Angle-closure is caused by pushing forward the ciliary body and iris. Increase of volume of the posterior segment of the eye Features: Signs and Symptoms: IOP > 21 mm Hg Pain, redness, corneal edema Axially shallow anterior chamber Laser iridotomy and surgical iridectomy are not effective Some differential diagnoses: Acute IOP elevation with corneal edema but open-angle may result from Posner Schlossman syndrome (iridocyclitic crisis), or from endothelitis/trabeculitis (as in disciform herpetic keratitis). Neovascular glaucoma may be associated with an open or closed-angle and may mimic some signs and the symptoms of acute angle-closure. Ch. 2 - 19 EGS
References 1) Tuulonen A, Aiararsinen PJ, Brola E, Forsman E, Friberg K, Kaila M, Klement A, Makela M, Oskala P, Puska P, Sloranta L, Teir H, Uusitalo H, Vainio-Jylha E, Vuori ML. The finnish evidence-based guideline for openangle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2003;81:3-18. 2) Stone EM, Fingert JH, Alward WLM et al. Identification of a gene that causes primary open-angle glaucoma. Science 1997;275(5300):668-670. 3) Lutjen-Drecoll E, May CA, Polansky JR, Johnson DH, Bloemendal H, Nguyen TD. Localized of the stress proteins aB-Crystallin and trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response protein in normal and glaucomatous trabecula meshwork. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998;39:517-525. 4) Ritch R. Exfoliation syndrome. Curr Opic Ophthalmol 2001;12:124-130. 5) Mudumbai R, Liebmann JM, Ritch R. Combined exfoliation and pigment dispersion: an overlap syndrome. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1999;97:297-314. 6) Ritch R. Pigment Dispersion Syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1998;126:442-445. 7) Liebmann JM, Ritch R. Complications of glaucoma surgery. In: Ritch R, Shields MB, Krupin T. The Glaucomas. St Louis, Mosby 1996;84:1703-1736. 8) Simmons RJ, Maestre FA. Malignant Glaucoma. In: Ritch R, Shields MB, Krupin T. The Glaucomas. St Louis, Mosby, 1996;39:841-855. 9) Lowe RF, Ritch R. Angle-closure glaucoma. Mechanisms and epidemiology. In: Ritch R, Shields MB, Krupin T. The Glaucomas. St Louis, Mosby, 1996;37:801-820. 10) Traverso CE. Angle-closure glaucoma. In: Duker JS and Yanoff M (eds). Ophthalmology. St. Louis, Mosby 2002: ch. 12.13. 11) Lowe RF. Primary angle-closure glaucoma: family hystories and anterior chamber depth. Br J Ophthalmol 1964;48:191-197. 12) Thygesen J, Kessing SV, Krogh E, Zibrandtsen P. The Danish Glaucoma guidelines 1997. 13) Mapstone R. Provocative tests in closed-angle glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 1976;60:115-117. 14) Traverso CE, Tomey KF, Gandolfo E. The glaucoma in pseudophakia. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1996;7(2):65-71. 15) Gedde SJ Management of glaucoma after retinal detachment surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2002;13:103-109. 16) Nash RW, Lindquist T A. Bilateral angle-closure glaucoma associated with uveal effusion: Presenting sign of HIV infection. Surv Ophthalmol 1992;36:255-258. 17) Moorthy R S, Mermoud A, Baerveldt G, Minckler D S, Lee P P, Rao N A. Glaucoma associated with uveitis. Surv Ophthalmol 1997;41:361-394. Ch. 2 - 20 EGS
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ISBN: 88-87434-13-1 Editrice DOGMA
Page 4 and 5:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was made
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2.2.5 - Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
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Foreword These Definitions and Guid
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INTRODUCTION The aim of the book is
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Since resources are limited worldwi
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II - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS F
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II.3 - COLLABORATIVE NORMAL TENSION
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No stratification for stage of dise
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II. 6. 3 - from CNTG 1. Therapy tha
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References 1) The Ocular Hypertensi
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I - QUESTIONS TO ASK TO YOUR GLAUCO
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III - ABNORMAL THRESHOLD VISUAL FIE
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V - GONIOSCOPIC OPEN ANGLES SOME DI
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VII - TREATMENT STEPLADDER JUVENILE
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IX - MONOTHERAPY (in alphabetic ord
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XI - MANAGEMENT ACUTE ANGLE CLOSURE
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XIII - ANTIMETABOLITES FOR WOUND MO
Page 38 and 39: CHAPTER 1 PATIENT EXAMINATION
Page 40 and 41: Other methods 22-25 : Air-puff tono
Page 42 and 43: References 1) Martin XD. Normal int
Page 44 and 45: 1.2 - GONIOSCOPY Gonioscopy is a fu
Page 46 and 47: 1 2 3 4 Fig. 1 Dynamic indentation
Page 48 and 49: The Spaeth classification Insertion
Page 50 and 51: References 1) Palmberg P. Gonioscop
Page 52 and 53: small - size mid - size large - siz
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 5 A) Cirumlinear vessel, B) Ba
Page 56 and 57: 1.3.4.3 - OCT The Optical Coherence
Page 58 and 59: 31) Carpineto P, Ciancaglini M, Zup
Page 60 and 61: central 24 or 30 central degrees re
Page 62 and 63: A retinal sensitivity value worse t
Page 64 and 65: HODAPP CLASSIFICATION 31 EARLY GLAU
Page 66 and 67: References 1) Bengtsson B, Heijl A,
Page 68 and 69: 1.5 - BLOOD FLOW 1.5.1 - VASCULAR F
Page 70 and 71: 28) Flammer J, Orgul S, Costa VP, O
Page 72 and 73: All forms of glaucoma should be cla
Page 74 and 75: 2.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
Page 76 and 77: 2.2.4 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 78 and 79: 2.3 - SECONDARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 80 and 81: 2.3.1.6 - Glaucoma due to intraocul
Page 82 and 83: 2.4 - PRIMARY ANGLE-CLOSURE Primary
Page 84 and 85: Systemic Risk factors for primary a
Page 86 and 87: OCCLUDABLE ANGLE: “Occludable”
Page 90 and 91: CHAPTER 3 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES and
Page 92 and 93: Furthermore, blindness may occur de
Page 94 and 95: T A R G E T I O P Target IOP range
Page 96 and 97: Practical points for topical medica
Page 98 and 99: 3.3.1.1 - Category: ADRENERGIC AGON
Page 100 and 101: 3.3.1.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 102 and 103: 3.3.1.3 - Category: CARBONIC ANHYDR
Page 104 and 105: 3.3.1.4 - Category: PARASYMPATHOMIM
Page 106 and 107: 3.3.1.5 - Category: PROSTAGLANDIN D
Page 108 and 109: Drug interactions Precipitation occ
Page 110 and 111: COMBINATION THERAPY Starting* Addit
Page 112 and 113: 3.3.2.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 114 and 115: Pregnancy and nursing mothers Only
Page 116 and 117: 3.5 - LASER SURGERY 3.5.1 - LASER I
Page 118 and 119: 3.5.2 - LASER TRABECULOPLASTY 77-89
Page 120 and 121: 3.5.4 - CYCLOPHOTOCOAGULATION Indic
Page 122 and 123: Although medical therapy is still t
Page 124 and 125: 3.6.4 - COMPLEX CASES Complicated g
Page 126 and 127: Post-operative use Concentration: 0
Page 128 and 129: 25) Janz NK, Wren PA, Lichter PR, M
Page 130 and 131: (Rescula TM ) in patients with glau
Page 132 and 133: in white patients with open-angle g
Page 134 and 135: CHAPTER 4 TREATMENT GUIDELINES
Page 136 and 137: 4.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
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4.2.7 - OCULAR HYPERTENSION (OH) Al
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4.3.1.7 - Glaucoma associated with
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• Withdrawal of aqueous from vitr
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4.5 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUC
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4.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
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NOTES
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NOTES
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NOTES
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