terminology and guidelines for glaucoma ii - Kwaliteitskoepel

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$Refractiechirurgie - Nederlands Oogheelkundig Gezelschap$

3.3.1.1 - Category: ADRENERGIC AGONISTS 40-42 Generics Tradenames Non-selective: Dipivefrin 0.1% Propine, Epinal, d-Epifrin, Glaucothil Epinephrine 0.25-2.0% Epinephrine Alpha-2 selective: Apraclonidine 0.5-1.0% Iopidine Brimonidine 0.2% Alphagan Clonidine 0.125 -0.5% Isoglaucon, Catapres, Glaucopres Aruclonin, Clonidophthal Action Non-selective: Decreases aqueous humor production Increases aqueous humor outflow Alpha-2 selective: Apraclonidine Decreases aqueous humor production Maximum effect: 4-5 hours Duration of effect: 12 hours Reduces IOP 25-39% as monotherapy Is additive to timolol Additivity to maximum medical therapy Brimonidine Clonidine Decreases aqueous humor production Increases uveoscleral outflow Duration of effect: 12h Reduces IOP up to 27% as monotherapy Selectivity for α 2 vs α 1 adrenoceptors is 1000/1. This selectivity results in no mydriasis and the absence of vasoconstriction. Decreases aqueous humor production Duration of effect: 6-12 hours Little effect on pupillary diameter or accommodation Dosage and administration Non-selective: Dipivefrin 0.1% 2 times daily Epinephrine 0.25-2.0% 3 times daily Alpha-2 selective: Apraclonidine 0.5-1.0% 2-3 times daily Brimonidine 0.2% 2 times daily Clonidine 0.125-0.5% 3 times daily Indications Non-selective: Dipivefrin 0.1% 2 times daily Elevation of intraocular pressure in patients where the IOP can be deleterious for the preservation of visual function. Epinephrine 0.25-2.0% 3 times daily The same Ch. 3 - 10 EGS
Alpha-2 selective: Apraclonidine 0.5% For temporary chronic dosing as adjunctive treatment on maximally tolerated medical therapy where additional IOP lowering is required (increased risk of allergy with time). The addition of apraclonidine to patients already using two aqueous suppressing drugs (i.e. beta-blocker plus carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) may not provide additional IOP lowering effect. Apraclonidine 1.0% To control or prevent severe elevations in IOP following anterior segment laser procedures. Brimonidine 0.2% Elevation of intraocular pressure in patients where the IOP can be deleterious for the preservation of visual function. Useful as adjunctive treatment or as monotherapy. Clonidine 0.125-0.5% Elevations of intraocular pressure in patients where the IOP can be deleterious for the preservation of visual function. Major contraindications Non-selective: Occludable angles (iridotomy needed) Aphakic patients (macular edema) Alpha-2 selective: Most frequent side effects Non-selective: Alpha-2 selective: Oral monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor users Pediatric age Follicular conjuctivitis, tachycardia, arrhythmias and arterial hypertension Dry mouth Lid elevation Pupil dilation for apraclonidine No effect on the pupil for brimonidine Allergy (brimonidine up to 15%, apraclonidine up to 36%) Decrease in systolic blood pressure (clonidine) Fatigue, sleepiness (brimonidine), especially in children. Pregnancy and nursing mothers Only to be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus or the infant. Drug interactions Possibility of additive or potentiating effect with CNS depressants. Caution is advised in the patients taking tricyclic antidepressant. Apraclonidine and brimonidine should not be used in small children and patients receiving MAO inhibitors. Wash-out The time needed for these compounds to completely lose their action is 1-3 weeks Ch. 3 - 11 EGS
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ISBN: 88-87434-13-1 Editrice DOGMA
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was made
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2.2.5 - Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
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Foreword These Definitions and Guid
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INTRODUCTION The aim of the book is
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Since resources are limited worldwi
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II - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS F
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II.3 - COLLABORATIVE NORMAL TENSION
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No stratification for stage of dise
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II. 6. 3 - from CNTG 1. Therapy tha
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References 1) The Ocular Hypertensi
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I - QUESTIONS TO ASK TO YOUR GLAUCO
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III - ABNORMAL THRESHOLD VISUAL FIE
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V - GONIOSCOPIC OPEN ANGLES SOME DI
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VII - TREATMENT STEPLADDER JUVENILE
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IX - MONOTHERAPY (in alphabetic ord
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XI - MANAGEMENT ACUTE ANGLE CLOSURE
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XIII - ANTIMETABOLITES FOR WOUND MO
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CHAPTER 1 PATIENT EXAMINATION
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Other methods 22-25 : Air-puff tono
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References 1) Martin XD. Normal int
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1.2 - GONIOSCOPY Gonioscopy is a fu
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1 2 3 4 Fig. 1 Dynamic indentation
Page 48 and 49: The Spaeth classification Insertion
Page 50 and 51: References 1) Palmberg P. Gonioscop
Page 52 and 53: small - size mid - size large - siz
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 5 A) Cirumlinear vessel, B) Ba
Page 56 and 57: 1.3.4.3 - OCT The Optical Coherence
Page 58 and 59: 31) Carpineto P, Ciancaglini M, Zup
Page 60 and 61: central 24 or 30 central degrees re
Page 62 and 63: A retinal sensitivity value worse t
Page 64 and 65: HODAPP CLASSIFICATION 31 EARLY GLAU
Page 66 and 67: References 1) Bengtsson B, Heijl A,
Page 68 and 69: 1.5 - BLOOD FLOW 1.5.1 - VASCULAR F
Page 70 and 71: 28) Flammer J, Orgul S, Costa VP, O
Page 72 and 73: All forms of glaucoma should be cla
Page 74 and 75: 2.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
Page 76 and 77: 2.2.4 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 78 and 79: 2.3 - SECONDARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 80 and 81: 2.3.1.6 - Glaucoma due to intraocul
Page 82 and 83: 2.4 - PRIMARY ANGLE-CLOSURE Primary
Page 84 and 85: Systemic Risk factors for primary a
Page 86 and 87: OCCLUDABLE ANGLE: “Occludable”
Page 88 and 89: 2.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
Page 90 and 91: CHAPTER 3 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES and
Page 92 and 93: Furthermore, blindness may occur de
Page 94 and 95: T A R G E T I O P Target IOP range
Page 96 and 97: Practical points for topical medica
Page 100 and 101: 3.3.1.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 102 and 103: 3.3.1.3 - Category: CARBONIC ANHYDR
Page 104 and 105: 3.3.1.4 - Category: PARASYMPATHOMIM
Page 106 and 107: 3.3.1.5 - Category: PROSTAGLANDIN D
Page 108 and 109: Drug interactions Precipitation occ
Page 110 and 111: COMBINATION THERAPY Starting* Addit
Page 112 and 113: 3.3.2.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 114 and 115: Pregnancy and nursing mothers Only
Page 116 and 117: 3.5 - LASER SURGERY 3.5.1 - LASER I
Page 118 and 119: 3.5.2 - LASER TRABECULOPLASTY 77-89
Page 120 and 121: 3.5.4 - CYCLOPHOTOCOAGULATION Indic
Page 122 and 123: Although medical therapy is still t
Page 124 and 125: 3.6.4 - COMPLEX CASES Complicated g
Page 126 and 127: Post-operative use Concentration: 0
Page 128 and 129: 25) Janz NK, Wren PA, Lichter PR, M
Page 130 and 131: (Rescula TM ) in patients with glau
Page 132 and 133: in white patients with open-angle g
Page 134 and 135: CHAPTER 4 TREATMENT GUIDELINES
Page 136 and 137: 4.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
Page 138 and 139: 4.2.7 - OCULAR HYPERTENSION (OH) Al
Page 140 and 141: 4.3.1.7 - Glaucoma associated with
Page 142 and 143: • Withdrawal of aqueous from vitr
Page 144 and 145: 4.5 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUC
Page 146 and 147: 4.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
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NOTES
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NOTES
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NOTES
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