terminology and guidelines for glaucoma ii - Kwaliteitskoepel

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$Refractiechirurgie - Nederlands Oogheelkundig Gezelschap$

All forms of glaucoma should be classified into primary and secondary forms based on: * Anterior chamber angle at gonioscopy * Optic nerve head findings * Visual field defects * Major risk factors: Intra-ocular pressure (IOP) Age Vascular risk factors: - local - systemic Low diastolic perfusion pressure Race (particularly Afro-Caribbean) * Associated conditions: Ocular Extraocular Additional Useful Clinical Data - Blood pressure - Heart rate - Blood sugar - Blood lipids - Migraine - Cold hands, Raynaud’s - Neurological diseases - Thyroid disease - History of blood loss - History of kidney disease - Smoking habits - Drinking habits - Family history of visual loss - Family history of glaucoma The role of diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for the development of POAG is controversial. Ch. 2 - 3 EGS
2.1 - PRIMARY CONGENITAL FORMS 2.1.1 - PRIMARY CONGENITAL GLAUCOMA Etiology: Angle dysgenesis Pathomechanism: Decreased aqueous outflow Features: Onset: from birth to second year of life Heredity: usually sporadic, up to 10% recessive inheritance with variable penetrance Gender: more common in males (65%) Specific chromosomal abnormalities have been identified at 1p36 and 2q21 Signs and symptoms: Photophobia, tearing, blepharospasm, eye rubbing IOP in general anesthesia: insufficient alone to confirm the diagnosis unless extremely elevated since general anesthesia may lower the IOP Corneal diameter > 11 mm (buphthalmos) Corneal edema (+/- ruptures of Descemet’s Membrane.) Optic nerve head: pressure distension/uniform cup enlargement (CDR >0.3) Gonioscopy: open-angle poorly differentiated structures trabeculodysgenesis (including ‘Barkan´s membrane’) anterior insertion of the iris 2.1.2 - PRIMARY INFANTILE GLAUCOMA / Late-Onset Primary Congenital Glaucoma Etiology: Angle dysgenesis Pathomechanism: Decreased aqueous outflow Features: Onset: third to tenth year of life Heredity: usually sporadic, up to 10% recessive inheritance with variable penetrance Signs and symptoms: Pain unusual, often presents late with symptomatic visual field loss Peak IOP: > 24 mm Hg without treatment Cornea: Diameter: < 11 mm (no buphthalmos, no corneal edema) Optic nerve head: pressure distension/cup enlargement with diffuse rim damage Gonioscopy: open-angle poorly differentiated structures, trabeculodysgenesis anterior insertion of the iris 2.1.3 - GLAUCOMA ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL ANOMALIES a. Anidria b. Sturge-Weber syndrome c. Neurofibromatosis d. Marfan syndrome e. Pierre Robin syndrome f. Homocystinuria g. Goniodysgenesis: g.1 - Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome g.2 - Peter’s anomaly h. Lowe’s syndrome i. Microspherophakia j. Microcornea k. Rubella l. Chromosomal abnormalities m. Broad thumb syndrome n. Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous Ch. 2 - 4 EGS
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ISBN: 88-87434-13-1 Editrice DOGMA
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was made
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2.2.5 - Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
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Foreword These Definitions and Guid
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INTRODUCTION The aim of the book is
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Since resources are limited worldwi
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II - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS F
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II.3 - COLLABORATIVE NORMAL TENSION
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No stratification for stage of dise
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II. 6. 3 - from CNTG 1. Therapy tha
Page 22 and 23: References 1) The Ocular Hypertensi
Page 24 and 25: I - QUESTIONS TO ASK TO YOUR GLAUCO
Page 26 and 27: III - ABNORMAL THRESHOLD VISUAL FIE
Page 28 and 29: V - GONIOSCOPIC OPEN ANGLES SOME DI
Page 30 and 31: VII - TREATMENT STEPLADDER JUVENILE
Page 32 and 33: IX - MONOTHERAPY (in alphabetic ord
Page 34 and 35: XI - MANAGEMENT ACUTE ANGLE CLOSURE
Page 36 and 37: XIII - ANTIMETABOLITES FOR WOUND MO
Page 38 and 39: CHAPTER 1 PATIENT EXAMINATION
Page 40 and 41: Other methods 22-25 : Air-puff tono
Page 42 and 43: References 1) Martin XD. Normal int
Page 44 and 45: 1.2 - GONIOSCOPY Gonioscopy is a fu
Page 46 and 47: 1 2 3 4 Fig. 1 Dynamic indentation
Page 48 and 49: The Spaeth classification Insertion
Page 50 and 51: References 1) Palmberg P. Gonioscop
Page 52 and 53: small - size mid - size large - siz
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 5 A) Cirumlinear vessel, B) Ba
Page 56 and 57: 1.3.4.3 - OCT The Optical Coherence
Page 58 and 59: 31) Carpineto P, Ciancaglini M, Zup
Page 60 and 61: central 24 or 30 central degrees re
Page 62 and 63: A retinal sensitivity value worse t
Page 64 and 65: HODAPP CLASSIFICATION 31 EARLY GLAU
Page 66 and 67: References 1) Bengtsson B, Heijl A,
Page 68 and 69: 1.5 - BLOOD FLOW 1.5.1 - VASCULAR F
Page 70 and 71: 28) Flammer J, Orgul S, Costa VP, O
Page 74 and 75: 2.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
Page 76 and 77: 2.2.4 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 78 and 79: 2.3 - SECONDARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Page 80 and 81: 2.3.1.6 - Glaucoma due to intraocul
Page 82 and 83: 2.4 - PRIMARY ANGLE-CLOSURE Primary
Page 84 and 85: Systemic Risk factors for primary a
Page 86 and 87: OCCLUDABLE ANGLE: “Occludable”
Page 88 and 89: 2.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
Page 90 and 91: CHAPTER 3 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES and
Page 92 and 93: Furthermore, blindness may occur de
Page 94 and 95: T A R G E T I O P Target IOP range
Page 96 and 97: Practical points for topical medica
Page 98 and 99: 3.3.1.1 - Category: ADRENERGIC AGON
Page 100 and 101: 3.3.1.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 102 and 103: 3.3.1.3 - Category: CARBONIC ANHYDR
Page 104 and 105: 3.3.1.4 - Category: PARASYMPATHOMIM
Page 106 and 107: 3.3.1.5 - Category: PROSTAGLANDIN D
Page 108 and 109: Drug interactions Precipitation occ
Page 110 and 111: COMBINATION THERAPY Starting* Addit
Page 112 and 113: 3.3.2.2 - Category: ADRENERGIC ANTA
Page 114 and 115: Pregnancy and nursing mothers Only
Page 116 and 117: 3.5 - LASER SURGERY 3.5.1 - LASER I
Page 118 and 119: 3.5.2 - LASER TRABECULOPLASTY 77-89
Page 120 and 121: 3.5.4 - CYCLOPHOTOCOAGULATION Indic
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Although medical therapy is still t
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3.6.4 - COMPLEX CASES Complicated g
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Post-operative use Concentration: 0
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25) Janz NK, Wren PA, Lichter PR, M
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(Rescula TM ) in patients with glau
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in white patients with open-angle g
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CHAPTER 4 TREATMENT GUIDELINES
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4.2 - PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
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4.2.7 - OCULAR HYPERTENSION (OH) Al
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4.3.1.7 - Glaucoma associated with
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• Withdrawal of aqueous from vitr
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4.5 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUC
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4.5.3 - SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLA
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NOTES
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NOTES
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NOTES
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