MikroTik RouterOSâ¢ v2.9

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Routes, Equal Cost Multipath Routing, Policy Routing Document revision 2.2 (Thu Jun 30 10:44:50 GMT 2005) This document applies to MikroTik RouterOS V2.8 Table of Contents Table of Contents Summary Specifications Related Documents Description Routes Description Property Description Notes Example Static Equal Cost Multi-Path routing Standard Policy-Based Routing with Failover General Information Summary The following manual surveys the IP routes management, equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) routing technique, and policy-based routing. Specifications Packages required: system License required: level1 Home menu level: /ip route Standards and Technologies: IP (RFC 791) Hardware usage: Not significant Related Documents • IP Addresses and ARP • Filter • NAT Description MikroTik RouterOS has following types of routes: Page 115 of 615 Copyright 1999-2005, MikroTik. All rights reserved. Mikrotik, RouterOS and RouterBOARD are trademarks of Mikrotikls SIA. Other trademarks and registred trademarks mentioned herein are properties of their respective owners.
• dynamic routes - automatically created routes for networks, which are directly accessed through an interface. They appear automatically, when adding a new IP address. Dynamic routes are also added by routing protocols. • static routes - user-defined routes that specify the router which can forward traffic to the specified destination network. They are useful for specifying the default gateway ECMP (Equal Cost Multi-Path) Routing This routing mechanism enables packet routing along multiple paths with equal cost and ensures load balancing. With ECMP routing, you can use more than one gateway for one destination network (Note! This approach does not provide failover). With ECMP, a router potentially has several available next hops towards a given destination. A new gateway is chosen for each new source/destination IP pair. It means that, for example, one FTP connection will use only one link, but new connection to a different server will use another link. ECMP routing has another good feature - single connection packets do not get reordered and therefore do not kill TCP performance. The ECMP routes can be created by routing protocols (RIP or OSPF), or by adding a static route with multiple gateways, separated by a comma (e.g., /ip route add gateway=192.168.0.1,192.168.1.1). The routing protocols may create routes (dynamic) with equal cost automatically, if the cost of the interfaces is adjusted propery. For more information on using routing protocols, please read the corresponding Manual. Policy-Based Routing It is a routing approach where the next hop (gateway) for a packet is chosen, based on a policy, which is configured by the network administrator. In RouterOS the procedure the follwing: • mark the desired packets, with a routing-mark • choose a gateway for the marked packets Note! In routing process, the router decides which route it will use to send out the packet. Afterwards, when the packet is masqueraded, its source address is taken from the prefsrc field. Routes Home menu level: /ip route Description In this submenu you can configure Static, Equal Cost Multi-Path and Policy-Based Routing and see the routes. Property Description as-path (text) - manual value of BGP's as-path for outgoing route atomic-aggregate (yes | no) - BGP attribute. An indication to receiver that it cannot "deaggregate" the prefix check-gateway (arp | ping; default: ping) - which protocol to use for gateway reachability Page 116 of 615 Copyright 1999-2005, MikroTik. All rights reserved. Mikrotik, RouterOS and RouterBOARD are trademarks of Mikrotikls SIA. Other trademarks and registred trademarks mentioned herein are properties of their respective owners.
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MikroTik RouterOS v2.9 Reference Ma
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General Information ...............
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Bridge Host Monitoring.............
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Frame Relay Configuration Examples.
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Queue Trees........................
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Dynamic DNS Update.................
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Scheduler Configuration............
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Description General Information Sum
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Broadcom Tigon3 Chipset type: Broad
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Chipset type: Marvell Yukon 88E80xx
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Compatibility: • RealTek RTL8129
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Description Atheros Chipset type: A
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Description This is driver for lega
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xDSL Packages required: synchronous
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License Management Document revisio
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Important: the abovementioned limit
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• ERROR: You are not allowed to u
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• NTP - Network Time Protocol ser
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package is installed) • MAC Telne
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Related Documents • Software Pack
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from this type of media; if El Tori
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etype new password: ************ [a
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| from any level [admin@MikroTik] i
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0 D RealTek 8139 1 D Intel EtherExp
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when the addresses were added in th
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y the ISP, you should use the sourc
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Installing RouterOS with CD-Install
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Installing RouterOS with Floppies D
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• IP address/mask - address with
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Configuration Management Document r
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Description The export command prin
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FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Server
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MAC Level Access (Telnet and Winbox
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Flags: X - disabled # INTERFACE 0 a
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Description The Serial Console (man
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Notes [Ctrl]+[Q] and [Ctrl]+[X] hav
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License required: level1 Home menu
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Uninstalling Command name: /system
Page 77 and 78: 10 ppp 2.9.11 11 dhcp 2.9.11 12 hot
Page 79 and 80: To add a router with IP address 192
Page 81 and 82: thinrouter-pcipc forces PCI-to-Card
Page 83 and 84: Description In this submenu you can
Page 85 and 86: SSH (Secure Shell) Server and Clien
Page 87 and 88: Example [admin@MikroTik] > /system
Page 89 and 90: MikroTik RouterOS implements indust
Page 91 and 92: Common Console Functions Descriptio
Page 93 and 94: [admin@MikroTik] interface> set 0 m
Page 95 and 96: Description There are some commands
Page 97 and 98: owner of safe mode is notified abou
Page 99 and 100: where: • discovers and shows MNDP
Page 101 and 102: IP Addresses and ARP Document revis
Page 103 and 104: ether1 or ether2. Example [admin@Mi
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Page 107 and 108: OSPF Document revision 1.4 (Wed Dec
Page 109 and 110: • if-installed-as-type-1 - send t
Page 111 and 112: • none - do not use authenticatio
Page 113 and 114: [admin@MikroTik] routing ospf> inte
Page 115 and 116: OSPF backup without using a tunnel
Page 117 and 118: # NETWORK AREA 0 10.3.0.0/24 local_
Page 119 and 120: [admin@OSPF_peer_2] > ip route prin
Page 121 and 122: Packages required: routing License
Page 123 and 124: eceive (v1 | v1-2 | v2; default: v2
Page 125 and 126: Example To view the list of the rou
Page 127: [admin@MikroTik] routing rip> • C
Page 131 and 132: Static Equal Cost Multi-Path routin
Page 133 and 134: General Interface Settings Document
Page 135 and 136: ARLAN 655 Wireless Client Card Docu
Page 137 and 138: Example [admin@MikroTik] > interfac
Page 139 and 140: Interface Bonding Document revision
Page 141 and 142: determenation relies on the device
Page 143 and 144: • for Office1through ISP2 [admin@
Page 145 and 146: Bridge Document revision 2.1 (Fri M
Page 147 and 148: • Filter Description Ethernet-lik
Page 149 and 150: To group ether1 and ether2 in the a
Page 151 and 152: idge1 00:C0:DF:07:5E:E6 ether1 4m46
Page 153 and 154: • ddp - datagram delivery protoco
Page 155 and 156: Home menu level: /interface bridge
Page 157 and 158: action=dst-nat is selected Troubles
Page 159 and 160: • Device Driver List • IP Addre
Page 161 and 162: tx-antenna (both | default | left |
Page 163 and 164: The access point is connected to th
Page 165 and 166: • One of the units (slave) should
Page 167 and 168: Cyclades PC300 PCI Adapters Documen
Page 169 and 170: chdlc-keepalive (time; default: 10s
Page 171 and 172: [admin@MikroTik] ip route> add gate
Page 173 and 174: Additional Documents • http://www
Page 175 and 176: ut it does not affect the NIC's per
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The interface should be enabled acc
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1 1.1.1.2/32 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 farsyn
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Finally we need to add IP addresses
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• Moxa C502 Dual Port Synchronous
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0 1.1.1.1/24 1.1.1.0 1.1.1.255 pvc1
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Troubleshooting Description • I c
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[admin@MikroTik] interface ppp-clie
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Hardware usage: Not significant Rel
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mtu (integer; default: 1500) - Maxi
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session-timeout=0s idle-timeout=0s
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• And finally, you have to add sc
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Description With the introduction o
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M3P Document revision 0.3.0 (Wed Ma
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unpacking (none | simple | compress
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• Log Management Description You
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[admin@MikroTik] interface moxa-c10
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[admin@MikroTik] ip route> print Fl
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Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D
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• Log Management Description You
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The driver for MOXA C502 card shoul
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The driver for MOXA C502 card shoul
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PPP and Asynchronous Interfaces Doc
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Example [admin@MikroTik] > /port pr
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Example You can add a PPP client us
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RadioLAN 5.8GHz Wireless Interface
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default-destination (ap | as-specif
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1. Setting the Service Set Identifi
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Property Description Notes WDS Inte
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Service Set Identifier test, do the
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acceptance timeout) in microseconds
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• manual-tx-power - channels in c
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Notes It is strongly suggested to l
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• none - do nothing special, do n
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WDS cannot be used on Nstreme-dual
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access point routeros-version (read
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client-tx-limit (integer; default:
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nstreme-support (read-only: yes | n
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Property Description arp (disabled
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Align Home menu level: /interface w
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2412MHz 3.8% 2417MHz 9.8% 2422MHz 2
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Property Description group-key-upda
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Prism card doesn't report that the
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2 2412 -45dBm@1Mbps 00:02:6F:05:68:
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ack-timeout=dynamic tx-power=defaul
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This example will show you how to c
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adio-name: "000C42050022" signal-st
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Flags: X - disabled, R - running 0
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[admin@WEP_StationX] interface wire
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Xpeed SDSL Interface Document revis
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[admin@r1] interface> print Flags:
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• I tried to connect two routers
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2. On router with IP address 10.1.0
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network. Example Our goal is to cre
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IP Security Document revision 3.4 (
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Internet Key Exchange The Internet
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level (acquire | require | use; def
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hash-algorithm (multiple choice: md
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current-bytes (read-only: integer)
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General Information MikroTik Router
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! Create IPsec transform set - tran
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[admin@MikroTik] > /ip ipsec policy
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1. Add an IPIP interface (by defaul
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[admin@MikroTik] interface ipip> pr
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• accessing an Intranet/LAN of a
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[admin@MikroTik] interface l2tp-cli
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[admin@MikroTik] interface l2tp-ser
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To route the local Intranets over t
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On the L2TP server a user must be s
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PPPoE Document revision 1.5 (Fri No
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License required: level1 (limited t
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Example To monitor the pppoe-out1 c
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To disconnect the user ex: [admin@M
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disconnect, they are still shown an
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• For mobile or remote clients to
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Example To set up PPTP client named
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connection mtu (integer) - (cannot
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ound-trip min/avg/max = 3/3.0/3 ms
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VLAN Document revision 1.2 (Mon Sep
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• http://www.cisco.com/warp/publi
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Graphing Document revision 1.0 (09-
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allow-address (IP address | netmask
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HotSpot User AAA Document revision
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name (name) - profile reference nam
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Example To add user ex with passwor
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IP accounting Document revision 2.1
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enabled: yes account-local-traffic:
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PPP User AAA Document revision 2.4
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was no activity present. There is n
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is the caller's number (that may or
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RADIUS client Document revision 0.4
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• ppp - Point-to-Point clients au
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address of the client) • User-Nam
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• Advertise-Interval - Time inter
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Framed-IP-Address 8 RFC2865 Framed-
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Router User AAA Document revision 2
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• password - policy that grants r
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when (read-only: date) - log in dat
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information included • version 9
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Bandwidth Control Document revision
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disciplines are set under /queue in
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picture, Leaf1 will be served only
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PFIFO and BFIFO These queuing disci
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Interface Default Queues Home menu
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Home menu level: /queue tree Descri
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upload to the Server and Workstatio
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Filter Document revision 2.7 (Fri N
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• packet arrival time • and muc
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connection-type (ftp | gre | h323 |
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ipsec-esp | iso-tp4 | ospf | pup |
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add chain=forward src-address=0.0.0
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The address list records could be u
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Mangle Home menu level: /ip firewal
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hotspot (multiple choice: from-clie
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coming from the same host to be tre
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Change MSS It is a well known fact
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NAT Description Network Address Tra
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chain (dstnat | srcnat | name) - sp
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out-interface (name) - interface th
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Example of Destination NAT If you w
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Packet Flow Description MikroTik Ro
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Property Description connection-mar
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Description ICMP TYPE:CODE values I
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DHCP Client and Server Document rev
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Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid 0
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DHCP Server Setup Home menu level:
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DHCP lease in case it is directly r
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6. in other case, the lease becomes
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Description To find any rogue DHCP
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• 0.0.0.0 - the IP address will b
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IP addresses of DHCP-Relay: [admin@
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DNS Client and Cache Document revis
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secondary-dns: 0.0.0.0 allow-remote
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HotSpot Gateway Document revision 4
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for that interface: /ip hotspot add
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You may wish not to require authori
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While client is blocked, FTP and ot
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set up in the server profile, and a
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split-user-domain (yes | no; defaul
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• deny - the authorization is req
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• bypassed - perform the translat
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NAT rules From /ip firewall nat pri
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finished session • error.html - e
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• link-login - link to login page
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Notes If you want to use HTTP-CHAP
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• Hotspot will ask RADIUS server
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that they will have login-free acce
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[admin@MikroTik] ip proxy> print en
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path (wildcard) - name of the reque
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esponse may be used to update previ
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Description IP pools simply group I
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SOCKS Proxy Server Document revisio
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Access List Home menu level: /ip so
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client. In this case IP address wou
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IP address on it, and as many inter
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Web Proxy Document revision 1.1 (We
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Note that it may be useful to have
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Description Access list is implemen
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src-address (IP address | netmask)
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This method retrieves whatever info
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Certificate Management Document rev
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decrypt - decrypt and cache public
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DDNS Update Tool Document revision
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GPS Synchronization Document revisi
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[admin@MikroTik] system gps> print
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Description How to Connect PowerTip
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contrast: 0 [admin@MikroTik] system
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MNDP Document revision 1.4 (Fri Mar
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Description This submenu allows you
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MikroTik RouterOS provides both - N
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Home menu level: /system clock Note
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• Health monitoring (RouterBOARD
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• optimal - the BIOS tries to det
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led3 (yes | no; default: no) - whet
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Support Output File Document revisi
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Command Description Notes Example S
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0xCF8-0xCFF [PCI conf1] 0x4000-0x40
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Only users, which are members of gr
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Home menu level: Command name: /sys
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Bandwidth Test Document revision 1.
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[admin@MikroTik] tool bandwidth-ser
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ICMP Bandwidth Test Document revisi
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Packet Sniffer Document revision 1.
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filter-address1 and filter-address2
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• ospf - Open Shortest Path First
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Packet Sniffer Host Home menu level
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Ping Document revision 1 (Mon Jul 1
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and press the [Tab] key: [admin@Mik
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interface (name) - the name of the
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Traceroute Document revision 1.8 (F
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Network Monitor Document revision 1
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done There are two scripts. The scr
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eboot and on most item configuratio
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Scripting Host Document revision 2.
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Console commands are made of the fo
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Variables Description RouterOS scri
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= - greater or equal. Binary operat
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[admin@MikroTik] interface> :put (1
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epeatedly (yes | no) - condition, w
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• omitted - altar LED state forev
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3 4 5 6 7 8 9 [admin@MikroTik] > Sp
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policy (multiple choice: ftp | loca
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Command Description edit (name) - o
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interval (time; default: 0s) - inte
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Traffic Monitor Document revision 1
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IP Telephony Document revision 2.2
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Description IP telephony, known as
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If autodial does not exactly match
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name (name) - name given by the use
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ing-cadence (text) - a 16-symbol ri
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number of packets received by this
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There is a possibility to enter som
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ZZ • If nr=444, it matches the re
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To generate a tone, frequency and c
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• 10 - Call failed as could not f
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0 11 phonejack1 1 _ voip1 [admin@Mi
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Setting up the MikroTik IP Telephon
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# DST-PATTERN VOICE-PORT PREFIX 0 3
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• G.729a codec MUST be disabled (
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We want to be able to use make call
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no-ping-delay (time; default: 5m) -
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Packages required: ups License requ
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Notes The test begins only if the b
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VRRP Document revision 1.4 (Fri Mar
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advertisement packets • none - no
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This example shows how to configure
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MikroTik RouterOSâ¢ v2.9