SUICIDE in RURAL & REMOTE AREAS of AUSTRALIA - Living is for ...

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Suicide in rural and remote areas of Australia 57 Social support Analyses using the Bille-Brahe Social Support Scale showed that, compared to the sudden-death controls, suicide victims received less moral support than they needed from family and friends in both regions (Table 16). In urban areas, giving less moral support than needed to family and friends came out as a signifi cant predictor of suicide. However, there were no signifi cant differences in receiving and giving practical support. The analyses did not show signifi cant differences between urban and rural suicide victims. Physical health Using the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, the analyses did not fi nd differences between the physical health of the suicide and sudden-death control groups in either region (Table 17). The Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) and the Physical Self Maintenance Scale showed higher impairments in the sudden-death controls within urban regions. However, there were no differences in rural regions. Personality Compared to sudden-death controls, suicide victims had signifi cantly higher neuroticism and signifi cantly lower agreeableness in both areas (Table 17). Extraversion was signifi cantly lower in suicide cases, compared to sudden-death controls, in urban areas but not in rural areas. The only signifi cant difference between rural and urban suicide cases was in the neuroticism score, which was higher in rural suicide cases compared to urban suicide cases (mean score 31.6 in rural suicide cases and 28.3 in rural controls; t-test=2.30, p=0.023). The Overt Aggression Scale showed signifi cantly higher aggression scores in suicide cases, compared to sudden-death controls, in both regions (Table 17). The general aggression score was signifi cantly higher in rural suicide victims compared to urban suicide victims (mean score 7.6 in rural suicide cases and 5.8 in urban suicide cases; t-test=3.50, p=0.001). GriffithBook FINAL 20/09.indd 57 15/11/12 4:28 PM
58 Suicide in rural and remote areas of Australia Table 16. Social Support using Bille-Brahe Social Support Scale Social Support Rural Urban Suicide Sudden death OR 95%CI Suicide Sudden death OR 95%CI N % N % L U N % N % L U Family - practical Receiving less than needed 8 16.0 1 3.8 Fisher’s ex test = 0.153 18 12.0 8 7.4 1.71 0.71 4.08 Giving less than needed 5 10.4 0 0 Fisher’s ex test = 0.155 12 8.0 5 4.6 1.79 0.61 5.24 Family - moral Receiving less than needed 21 42.0 4 15.4 3.98 1.19 13.28 62 41.9 18 17.1 3.48 1.91 6.37 Giving less than needed 9 18.4 1 3.8 Fisher’s ex test = 0.150 21 14.4 4 3.8 4.28 1.43 12.88 Friends - practical Receiving less than needed 5 10.6 1 3.8 Fisher’s ex test = 0.412 19 12.9 11 10.4 1.28 0.58 2.82 Giving less than needed 2 4.3 0 0.0 Fisher’s ex test = 0.535 9 6.4 4 3.8 1.72 0.52 5.75 Friends - moral Receiving less than needed 19 38.8 3 11.5 Fisher’s ex test = 0.017 52 35.6 14 14.0 3.40 1.76 6.57 Giving less than needed 3 6.4 0 0 Fisher’s ex test = 0.548 13 9.2 2 2.0 Fisher’s ex test = 0.028 *compared to enough or more than needed Bolded results indicate significance level of 0.05 GriffithBook FINAL 20/09.indd 58 15/11/12 4:28 PM
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Australia’s rural localities face
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Suggested quotation: Kairi Kõlves,
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2 Suicide in rural and remote areas
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Introduction The burden of suicide
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