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Fadhel - Recent Advancements in Solar Drying 6.2. REVIEW OF SOLAR DRYING OF SELECTED AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS Most solar dryers developed are designed for specific products or class of products, for example vegetables such as chili, cassava, onion, radish, ginger, peas, corn, mushroom, tamarind and coconut, and fruits such as mango, apple, pineapple, banana and grapes (FAO, 1980). Selection of solar dryer for a particular agriculture product is determined by quality requirements, product characteristics and economic factors. A review of these types of solar dryers with aspect to the product being dried, technical and economical aspects has been discussed by Fudholi et al. (2010). Table 6.1 shows the review of solar drying of selected agriculture products: Table 6.1. The review of solar drying of selected agriculture products Product dried Observations Reference Apples Chillies Bananas Cassava Cauliflower Copra Cocoa Solar tunnel dryer, The moisture content was reduced from 82 to 11% in 32 h for the open sun drying, whereas the solar tunnel dryer took only 28 h. Multi-purpose solar tunnel dryer, Reduction in drying time in comparison to that of conventional sun drying, Average air temperature rise in drier was about 22 o C above the ambient temperature and it was almost constant in the drier. Multi-purpose solar tunnel dryer, Bananas could be dried within 3–5 days, compared to the 5–7 days needed for open drying. Mixed-mode natural convection solar dryer, Experiments revealed that 49.1, 65.9 and 162 kg of cassava could be dehydrated in 30–36 h with an expected average solar irradiance of 400 W/m 2 , ambient conditions of 25 o C and 77.8% relative humidity. Forced convection solar dryer using V-groove solar collector Forced convection solar drier, Reduced the moisture content from about 52% to 8% and 10% in 82 h for trays at the bottom and top, respectively. The maximum drying air temperature recorded during peak sunshine hours was 63 o C. Direct solar dryer, Overall quality assessment showed that the 20 kg treatment was able to produce reasonably good-quality beans as compared to other loadings and therefore is recommended for direct solar dryer. Elicin and Sacilik et al., 2005 Hossain and Bala, 2007 Schimer et al., 1996 Forson et al., 2007 Kadam and Samuel, 2006 Mohanraj and Chandrasekar, 2008 Hii et al., 2006 126 Drying of Foods, Vegetables and Fruits
Fadhel - Recent Advancements in Solar Drying Grape Green peas Mangoes Onion slices Tobacco leaves Turmeric rhizomes Pineapple Tea Multipurpose natural convection solar dryer, The drying time of the grapes reduced by 43% compared to the open sun drying. Indirect type natural convection solar dryer, 1 kg of green peas dried at 45.5–50.5 o C for 8– 10 h to a final moisture content of 5% . Indirect type natural convection solar dryer Sliced fresh mangoes having an initial moisture content of 85% dried at 31.7–40.1 o C for 20 h to a final moisture content of 13%. Natural convection solar dryer, Mango having an initial moisture content of 84 dried with maximum temperature allowable at 40 o C for 15 h to final moisture content of 27.6% Hybrid solar drier, Onion slices dried from initial moisture content of about 86% (w.b.) to final moisture content of about 7% (w.b.), The maximum savings in total energy up to 70.7% can be achieved with recycling of the hot exhaust air. Hybrid solar dryer, The loading capacity of the dryer was 1000 kg. The results indicated that solar energy accounted for 25–30% of the total energy consumed. Hybrid solar drier Open sun drying had taken 11 days to dry the rhizomes while solar biomass drier hybrid took only 1.5 days. Hybrid solar drier, The dryer reduced the moisture content of pineapple slices from about 66% to 11% (d.b.) and yielded a nutritious dried product. The average values of the final-day moisture pickup efficiency were 15%, 11% and 13% in the solar, biomass and solar–biomass modes of operation, respectively. Hybrid solar drier, The total energy required to maintain a drying chamber temperature of 50 o C is 60.2 kWh. The auxiliary energy contribution is 17.6 kWh. Hence, solar energy contributes 42.6 kWh during the process and contributes approximately 70.2% of the overall energy requirement. Solar dryer with the VGroove type solar collectors, The fresh tea leaves are dried from an initial moisture content of 87% (wet basis) to 54% Pangavhane et al., 2002 El-Sebaii et al., 2002 Madhlopa et al., 2002 Toure and Kibangu-Nkembo, 2004 Sarsavadia, 2007 Soponronnarit, 1995 Prasad et al., 2006 Madhlopa and Ngwalo, 2007 Ruslan et al., 2003 Sopian et al., 2000 Drying of Foods, Vegetables and Fruits 127
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Solar Drying:Fundamentals,Applicati
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Solar Drying: Fundamentals, Applica
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PREFACE Drying using solar radiatio
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Index Chapter No Title / Authors Pa
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Visavale - Principles, Classificati
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Table 1.4. Quality and other drying
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It was seen that for all fish, hot
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Aware and Thorat - Solar Drying of
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Jangam, Hii, C.L.; S.V. Law, and C.
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