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Weapons <strong>of</strong> Mass Instruction 103<br />

As for mysel£ I became determined to figure out where this bizarre<br />

institution had actually come from, why it had taken the shape<br />

it did all around the world in the same century, why it was able to turn<br />

away intense criticism and grow larger, more expensive, and more intrusive<br />

into personal lives. If you allow imagination to work on the institution,<br />

it is much more a piece <strong>of</strong> utopian science fiction, oblivious<br />

to human needs, than it is a response to popular demand. Right from<br />

the early days <strong>of</strong> my teaching life, I began a project <strong>of</strong> research which<br />

involved reading and arguing with thousands <strong>of</strong> books, many dreadfully<br />

written and some quite obscure, travelling (by now) three million<br />

miles around the country and the world to observe, argue, and<br />

discuss schools and which resulted a few years ago in a monster book,<br />

still in print, called The Underground History <strong>of</strong> American Education.<br />

A major publisher paid me an enormous amount <strong>of</strong> money to write<br />

it (enormous for a schoolteacher) and then refused to publish it after<br />

holding it <strong>of</strong>f the market for over a year. "It would embarrass friends<br />

<strong>of</strong> the house;' I was told. If you wonder what that might mean, consider<br />

this was one <strong>of</strong> the top three textbook publishing houses too,<br />

apart from their trade division.<br />

In this way my schoolteaching practices were directed by intense<br />

research on the one hand, and equally intensive and daring field exercises<br />

around the city <strong>of</strong> New York - at times up to sixty different<br />

studies in sixty different locations! Simultaneously! Either singly, in<br />

small teams, or en <strong>mass</strong>e, "Gatto's Guerrillas;' as we called ourselves,<br />

infiltrated without notice (or permission either), into public meetings,<br />

exhibitions, scheduled hearings, auctions, courthouses, workplaces<br />

- anywhere opportunity presented itself. We took public<br />

opinion polls on every subject under the sun - <strong>of</strong>ten competing with<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>essional news organizations. Travelling dramatic troupes (always<br />

more than one) gave shows in elementary schools, in acting studios,<br />

and everyplace verbal engagement was possible.<br />

The general targets were many: independence, self-reliance, strategic<br />

planning, a good command <strong>of</strong> the active literacies <strong>of</strong> speaking and<br />

writing, courage, curiosity, an ability to write a script for one's own life.

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