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Weapons <strong>of</strong> Mass Instruction 107<br />

to which he and Smith belonged was held together by deliberately<br />

depriving most people <strong>of</strong> information they needed to maximize opportunities.<br />

If secrets were promiscuously distributed, the ladders <strong>of</strong><br />

privilege would collapse, their own children would be plunged back<br />

into the common stew. It was unthinkable. The familiar expression, "a<br />

little knowledge is a dangerous thing" was Playfair's invention."Proper"<br />

schooling teaches "negatively;' it never allows the working classes or<br />

the poor "to read sufficiently well to understand what they do read:'<br />

Set down clearly over 200 years ago here is the recipe for the<br />

schools we commonly experience. Playfair argued that public <strong>instruction</strong><br />

would ruin national prosperity, not enhance it. And who is to say<br />

he is wrong as long as prosperity is reckoned in dollars and cents."The<br />

education <strong>of</strong> the middling and lower ranks" has to be put aside, to be<br />

replaced with psychological conditioning in habits and attitudes <strong>of</strong><br />

deference, envy, appetite, and mistrust <strong>of</strong> self, if the system <strong>of</strong> capitalism<br />

is to survive with all the benefits it provides.<br />

"A smattering <strong>of</strong> learning is a very dangerous thing;' he said, not<br />

because ordinary people are too dumb to learn; just the opposite, they<br />

are too smart to be allowed to learn. People become dangerous when<br />

too many see through the illusions which hold society together.<br />

Long ago in China, Playfair's philosophy had been given a name<br />

by the emperors in pre-history. It was called "The Policy <strong>of</strong> Keeping<br />

People Dumb:' The only change the passage <strong>of</strong> millennia brought in<br />

this leadership perspective was in the form <strong>of</strong> a change in style - in<br />

the modern era leaders no longer spoke openly about this great secret<br />

<strong>of</strong> management.<br />

The Lincoln Elective Program<br />

Lincoln Academy, New York City, 1985. A public junior high school,<br />

despite its fancy name, located next door to a housing project for the<br />

poor, far from the center <strong>of</strong> Manhattan's dynamic Upper West Side.<br />

The West Side <strong>of</strong> Manhattan is world-famous, a zone <strong>of</strong> substantial<br />

accomplishment, wealth, and power. Home to Columbia University;<br />

Fordham; Julliard; Barnard; the Jewish Theological Seminary;

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