tivity on the carmel faul

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contribution of 232 Th carried by detrital matter in Denya Cave samples. The carbonate fraction of the samples most probably carries hydrogenous 232 Th. It is possible that this hydrogenous 232 Th does not overly contribute to the abundance of 230 Th because it is not as old as 232 Th carried in clays, and therefore does not affect the age of the sample. Under this assumption an attempt to find a correction factor for each of the detrital samples was made, in order to correct their ages to that of the samples, which do not contain a detrital component. As can be seen in Table 4b, two of the samples yielded the same ages as their detrital free counterparts when a correction factor of ~0.4 was applied (DN-4 pre top and DN-14a pre). Sample [DN-4 pre II] did not need a correction factor at all. Sample [DN- 37a post] is much older than its detrital free counterpart and a significant correction was needed in order for them to be of the same age, yet once a correction factor lower than 0.6 was applied the calculated ages were negative. This might mean that theoretically the factor should be ~0.4 yet there is no way to validate this assumption. These results indicate that an age correction is not always necessary, even when 230 Th/ 232 Th ratios in samples are low. However, a correction cannot be arbitrarily neglected and therefore the single sample method of dating is not appropriate for speleo-seismites from Denya Cave. Another approach to establishing the real ages of Denya Cave seismite samples was the Osmond isochron method modified by Ludwig and Titterington (1994; see below). 43
Table 4: Results of an experiment in order to determine the nature of the detrital component found in samples from Denya Cave. Sample name DN-4top det.carb DN-4 pre (top) DN-4 pre II det.carb. DN-4 pre II det. DN-14a pre dert.carb DN-14a pre det. DN-37a post det.carb. DN-37a post det. 238U ppm 0.2565 0.2380 0.2636 0.2529 0.2172 0.2245 0.2925 0.4672 err 0.00012 0.00012 0.00025 0.00031 0.00015 0.00025 0.00026 0.00036 234/238 1.0570 1.0512 1.0752 1.0754 1.0787 1.0632 1.0966 0.8770 err 0.00153 0.00122 0.00139 0.00229 0.00177 0.00280 0.00174 0.00137 234U ppm 1.45838E-05 1.346E-05 1.52438E-05 1.46304E-05 1.26048E-05 1.2838E-05 1.72529E-05 2.20431E-05 err 2.11285E-08 1.55631E-08 1.97779E-08 3.121E-08 2.06263E-08 3.37751E-08 2.73144E-08 3.4502E-08 230Th ppb 0.00020 0.00058 0.00075 0.00068 0.00086 0.00130 0.00060 0.00544 err 3.74357E-06 6.86007E-06 3.13787E-06 1.87992E-06 4.55549E-06 4.9666E-06 2.73174E-06 1.5893E-05 232Th ppb 3.1085 10.6792 3.5884 3.9056 6.2344 12.8180 8.2122 194.2430 err 0.00929 0.02735 0.00532 0.00604 0.01012 0.02310 0.00993 0.36148 230/232 12.80 10.54 39.49 33.05 26.04 19.14 13.91 5.26 err 0.24 0.13 0.18 0.10 0.14 0.08 0.07 0.02 230/234 0.0454 0.1426 0.1624 0.1538 0.2239 0.3333 0.1151 0.8145 err 0.00085 0.00169 0.00071 0.00054 0.00125 0.00155 0.00055 0.00270 234/230 22.0169 7.0103 6.1576 6.5033 4.4658 2.9999 8.6904 1.2277 err 0.41185 0.08305 0.02697 0.02267 0.02488 0.01394 0.04179 0.00407 234/232 281.7367 73.8841 243.1749 214.9333 116.2839 57.4280 120.9191 6.4609 err 0.41068 0.08591 0.31604 0.45902 0.19059 0.15127 0.19161 0.01013 238/232 250.3183 67.6223 222.8317 196.4514 105.7076 53.1291 108.0534 7.2977 err 0.75715 0.17667 0.39297 0.38883 0.18727 0.11256 0.16233 0.01469 Age(y) 5053 16717 19233 18123 27483 43903 13272 201137 + 97 214 93 70 175 258 68 2405 - -97 -214 -93 -70 -175 -258 -68 -2337 232/238 detr mol ratio 0.43 0.4 0.60 Equiv (230/232) 7.29168 7.83855 5.22570 detrital fraction 0.10705 0.14646 0.71087 (234/238) corr 1.05733 1.07403 0.57465 err 0.00122 0.00283 0.00090 (230/234) corr 0.04544 0.22683 0.02097 err 0.00054 0.00105 0.00007 Corrected age (y) 5117 27892 2324
Page 1: Dating Paleo-seismic Activi
Page 5 and 6: Abstract Mt Carmel is defined to it
Page 7 and 8: Table of content 1. Introduction...
Page 9: List of Tables Table 1: Isochron sa
Page 12 and 13: 1998; Lacave et al., 2004; Kagan et
Page 14 and 15: statistical study indicated that th
Page 16 and 17: The first step in establishing viab
Page 18 and 19: crystal lattice; (5) when detrital
Page 20 and 21: caused by curved segments along the
Page 22 and 23: 1 2 Yagur Jalame 3 4 Yoqne’am Meg
Page 24 and 25: 1.4.1 Seismicity and paleo-seismici
Page 26 and 27: eferences to Early Bronze Age I and
Page 28 and 29: Figure 5: Earthquakes for the years
Page 30 and 31: 15 30 Figure 7: Geological map of t
Page 32 and 33: a b c Figure 9: Pictures from a qua
Page 34 and 35: 3 1 2 4 5 Figure 11: Seismic featur
Page 36 and 37: the cave can be viewed in Appendix
Page 38 and 39: Figure 14: Sample DN-7 3.3 Dating o
Page 40 and 41: [3] ( 230 Th)/( 232 Th) d = ( 234 U
Page 42 and 43: extremely high errors for these val
Page 44 and 45: DN-62 Iso-III Iso-II Iso-I Iso-V Is
Page 48 and 49: 3.3.3 Cluster dating Osmond isochro
Page 50 and 51: 4. Results A total of 68 speleothem
Page 52 and 53: Table 5: Denya Cave seismite I.D.'s
Page 54 and 55: Figure 17: Dated seismite uncorrect
Page 56 and 57: Table 6: Dated seismite samples' is
Page 58 and 59: 1.14 1.10 1.06 234 U/ 238 U 1.02 0.
Page 60 and 61: Sample name 230/238 err 234/238 err
Page 68 and 69: Seismic events in Denya Cave Broken
Page 70 and 71: isochron of 10.4ka (MSWD = 107), it
Page 72 and 73: data-point error ellipses are 2σ 1
Page 74 and 75: 5. Discussion The purpose of the pr
Page 76 and 77: case, it is not clear which of thos
Page 78 and 79: indicates that there is a possibili
Page 80 and 81: 5.2.1 Considerations for comparison
Page 82 and 83: easonable assumption that whatever
Page 84 and 85: establish a unique correction facto
Page 86 and 87: References Achmon, M., 1986. The Ca
Page 88 and 89: Hofstetter, A., Feldman, L. and Rot
Page 90 and 91: acceleration using the parameter of
Page 92 and 93: I-a. Table of Denya Cave speleothem
Page 95 and 96: DEN-2 Sample DEN-2 is a type C-1 se
Page 97 and 98:
DN-4 Sample DN-4 is a type C-1 seis
Page 99 and 100:
DN-7 DN-7 appeared to be a stalagmi
Page 101 and 102:
DN-11, 12 and 13 These samples are
Page 103 and 104:
Seismic contact pre 12.51ka DN-17 D
Page 105 and 106:
DN-21 DN-21 is a type C-1 seismite.
Page 107 and 108:
DN-25 DN-25 is a sample of flowston
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
DN-34 DN-34 is a flowstone core of
Page 113 and 114:
DN-37a DN-37a is a flowstone core i
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
DN-43 This stalactite was located c
Page 119 and 120:
Seismic contact DN-45 DN-45 is a ty
Page 121 and 122:
DN-47 DN-47 is a flowstone core of
Page 123 and 124:
DN-51 DN-51 is a stalactite formati
Page 125 and 126:
DN-62 DN-62 is a flowstone sample o
Page 127 and 128:
DN-65 DN-65 is a flowstone sample o
Page 129 and 130:
Seismic contact DN-68 DN-68 is a a
Page 131 and 132:
II-b. Laboratory protocol for the p
Page 133 and 134:
Appendix III: All seismites conside
Page 135 and 136:
,10.4±0.7 שהשאירו את חו
Page 138:
משרד התשתיות הלאומ
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