tivity on the carmel faul

easonable assumption that whatever the cause of seismic event recorded in Denya Cave,
it is most probable that it originated from the CF rather than from the DST. Yet it also
signifies that the findings from Denya Cave are not necessarily attributed to the CF. It is
therefore evident that further studies are needed to reconcile these problems.
6. Conclusions
This study successfully established that broken and deformed cave deposits in Denya
Cave on Mt. Carmel are speleothem seismites. By using U-Th dating methods these
seismites were dated in order to extend the paleo-earthquake record for the CF.
1. Broken speleothems, collapsed structures and cracks observed in Denya Cave,
appear to be evidence of seismically induced damage. The exclusion of nonseismic
causes for damage in Denya Cave, as well as various assessments as to
seismic ac<strong>tivity</strong> throughout the Carmel region, affirms the likelihood of
earthquake damage.
2. Samples of broken or deformed speleothems from Denya Cave were mapped
and analyzed. Where a break or deformation of speleothems was detected a
seismic contact was identified. Material was extracted by means of a hand held
pneumatic drill from laminae located as close as possible to the seismic contact.
The last lamina preceding the break event was termed a pre-seismic sample,
while the first one to succeed the break event was termed a post-seismic sample.
All samples were dated with the uranium decay series method. The samples
were extracted from laminae closest to the seismic contacts, allowing for the
closest age constraints to seismic events.
3. A classification method for different types of seismites was added to speleoseismite
analysis in order to determine the reliability of the results.
Classification was determined according to the type of speleothem, the clarity of
the seismic contact as a viable indicator for a seismic event, and the ability to
adequately sample material. Type A seismites show clear breaks, which indicate
abrupt events. Type B seismites show noticeable changes in sedimentation
patterns, which might be related to abrupt events. In both types pre- and post-
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