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competition took place as part of the project of the European Action on Drugs (EAD) 56 and the SES civic association. Since 1997 the Association of Communication Agencies (AKA) has organised the EFFIE Awards, a competition for the most effective advertising, which assesses the effectiveness of campaigns in relation to the resources spent. Pilsner Urquell won in the category of food and beverages in 2010 with its advertisement entitled Stay in the Game, aimed at promoting the consumption of non-alcoholic beer. The campaign was targeted at men aged over 30; the main idea of the campaign, “I'd like to have a beer, but I can't because I need a clear head”, was targeted at athletes, drivers, and people at work 57 . In 2009, the Ministry of Transport (Czech Government Council for Road Safety, BESIP) won this first prize in the category of social, cultural, and environmental marketing with its campaign called Pay Attention – Or Pay the Price! 58 , which focused on road safety. The main topics of the campaign were speeding and aggression behind the wheel, the use of safety restraint systems (seat belts and car seats for children), and driving under the influence of alcohol and illicit drugs. The campaign itself also took place in 2010 and its target groups were drivers aged 18–60 and families with children aged under 14. Another project of the Czech Government Council for Road Safety (BESIP) that continued to be implemented in 2010 was the Designated Driver campaign 59 , aimed directly at preventing alcohol and drug use while driving. As part of the project, what is already the seventh year of the prevention multimedia show The Action is taking place in 2011, focused on young and novice drivers in the target group of secondary school students. The project is to show young people the tragic consequences of accidents caused by drivers under the influence of drugs. In 2011, BESIP launched a new roadshow called It's up to you, intended to familiarise young drivers with the risk of driving under the influence of substances; the project takes the form of BESIP stalls at music festivals, where participants can get information materials, but also single-use alcohol testers for drivers. The campaign’s slogan Want to see the next fest live is meant to alert drivers to the fact that they may not live to the next festival if they drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs. The attractions of the BESIP stalls at festivals include so-called drunken spectacles, which simulate the state of mind after the consumption of alcohol or other addictive substances. To prevent driving under influence of alcohol, representatives of the Police of the Czech Republic and the Czech Beer and Malt Association signed a memorandum of cooperation to improve the situation in the field of road safety in the Czech Republic. The cooperation includes the project entitled I'm Driving – I Drink Non-Alcoholic Beer, which aims to promote non-alcoholic beer among drivers 60 . 56 http://ec.europa.eu/ead/ (2011-09-06) 57 http://www.effie.cz/cz/results/campaign.phpcmpid=168 (2011-08-23) 58 http://www.nemyslis-zaplatis.cz/, http://www.effie.cz/cz/results/campaign.phpcmpid=153 (2011-08-23) 59 http://www.ibesip.cz/Kampane-projekty, http://www.domluvme-se.cz (2011-08-23) 60 http://www.policie.cz/clanek/spolecne-proti-alkoholu-za-volantem.aspx (2011-08-23) page 47
4 Problem Drug Use The EMCDDA defines problem drug use as injecting drug use and/or the long-term/regular use of opioids and/or amphetamine-type drugs and/or cocaine (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2009). The Czech definition does not include cocaine use as the number of cocaine users in the data sources used for estimates (particularly those pertaining to the use of specialised services) is still at a very low level in the Czech Republic. For similar reasons, as far as the amphetamine group is concerned, the number of pervitin (methamphetamine) users is only estimated. The opioids typically used in the Czech Republic mainly include heroin and Subutex ® (the use of raw opium also appears seasonally). In 2010, the estimated number of problem drug users further increased – the mean estimate using data on clients of low-threshold programmes reached 39 thousand. The growth mainly involved pervitin users (28 thousand), while the number of opiate users decreased (11 thousand). The estimated number of injecting drug users also increased (to approximately 37.2 thousand). The regions with the greatest numbers of problem drug users, as well as the greatest number of opiate users, traditionally include Prague and Ústí nad Labem. Injecting Subutex ® is particularly widespread in Prague but also common in other Bohemian regions. The concomitant use of pervitin and opiates is also common. In 2010, estimates were made of the current scope of the heavy and problematic use of other illicit drugs. 4.1 Prevalence and Incidence Estimates of Problem Drug Use As in previous years, the multiplication method was used to estimate the number of problem drug users in 2010 from the data on clients in low-threshold programmes and through a survey conducted among physicians in the Czech Republic. 4.1.1 Estimate Using the Multiplication Method The multiplication method consists of multiplying the known number of problem drug users in a given source (in this case the number of problem drug users in contact with low-threshold programmes in the given calendar year 61 ) by the multiplier 62 . The value of the multiplier for the Czech Republic and for each region was established on the basis of the Multiplier 2010 survey, conducted among the clients of low-threshold facilities using the peer nomination technique 63 – see also the 2009 Annual Report. With regard to the methods used, trends in the estimates of problem drug users are sensitive to changes in the input data: there is a positive correlation with regard to the number of low-threshold service clients, while the multiplier value impacts on the estimates in a negative correlation. For multiplier values for individual regions see the 2009 Annual Report. In 2010, the value of the multiplier for the whole country, without Prague, expressed as a percentage, was 67% (95% CI 64 : 63–70%) and declined by one percentage point compared to its 2008 value. On the contrary, the value of the multiplier for Prague rose by four percentage points to reach a level of 80% (95% CI: 70–91%). The estimate of the number of problem drug users in the Czech Republic is the sum of the estimates for the individual regions. The total number of problem drug users in the Czech Republic in 2010 was thus estimated at 39,200 (95% CI: 32,300–46,300), of whom 28,200 (27,300–29,100) were pervitin users, 6,000 (5,500–6,400) were heroin users, and 5,000 (4,700–5,400) were Subutex ® users. Therefore, the number of opiate users is estimated at 11,000 (10,400– 11,600). The number of injecting drug users (IDUs) was estimated at 37,200 (36,000–38,500). Estimates of the number of problem drug users from 2002 to 2010 are shown in Table 4-1. There was an increase in the estimated total number of problem drug users in 2010. The mean estimate value of the number of opiate users decreased (a change compared to 2009, when there was an increase) and there was a further increase in the number of pervitin users. There was also a further increase in the estimated number of injecting drug users. With 61 The sources of data on the number of problem drug users in contact with low-threshold programmes are the annual final reports of projects funded under the GCDPC subsidy proceedings and, in 2009 and 2010, also a survey of the programmes that were not supported in the subsidy proceedings, and therefore did not submit a final report. 62 The multiplier essentially expresses the proportion of problem users in contact with low-threshold programmes. The rest is the hidden population of problem drug users. 63 In the questionnaire study, clients of low-threshold programmes were asked to answer the following questions: (1) “How many people you know well are regular users of pervitin and/or opiates (heroin, Subutex ® or Suboxone ® )” and (2) “How many of them have been in contact with any sort of low-threshold centre or outreach programme over the past twelve months” The multiplier is then expressed as the weighted average quotient of both values, with the respondent being taken into account as a user in contact with a low-threshold programme. Only those who stated a reasonable number of known drug users were included in the calculation (arbitrarily 25 or less), in order to exclude non-credible estimates from the analysis, and the weighting is the size of the population of problem drug users represented by individual respondents (the number of the respondent‘s acquaintances). With regard to the fact that in all surveys to date, peer nomination questions were posed only to users in contact with low-threshold facilities and not to a representative sample of problem drug users, the assumption can be made that the real proportion of problem drug users in contact with low-threshold programmes will be somewhat lower than is expressed by the multiplier. 64 95% confidence interval, i.e. the interval in which the value occurs with a 95% probability. page 48
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Annual Report The Czech Republic 20
Page 5 and 6: Annual Report: The Czech Republic -
Page 7 and 8: PART B: SELECTED ISSUES............
Page 9 and 10: In 2010 the very first representati
Page 11 and 12: In the Czech Republic, the treatmen
Page 13 and 14: PART A: NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS
Page 15 and 16: ange applies to addictologists who
Page 17 and 18: Republic has been reporting the hig
Page 19 and 20: Wenceslas Square and in the surroun
Page 21 and 22: Regions of the Czech Republic to ca
Page 23 and 24: Region Pardubice Vysočina South Mo
Page 25 and 26: educe drug supply (particularly to
Page 27 and 28: Map 1-1: 2010 drug policy expenditu
Page 29 and 30: Total state budget Regions Table 1-
Page 31 and 32: 1.3.2 Drug Treatment Costs Incurred
Page 33 and 34: Table 1-9: Costs incurred by health
Page 35 and 36: 2 Drug Use in the General Populatio
Page 37 and 38: Table 2-2: Prevalence rates of use
Page 39 and 40: The M-CIDI questionnaire, containin
Page 41 and 42: Table 2-6: Prevalence rates of use
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2-2: Attitudes towards crimi
Page 45 and 46: Table 2-7: Prevalence of use of can
Page 47 and 48: Table 2-8: 2010 Safer Party clients
Page 49 and 50: school curriculum and school rules;
Page 51 and 52: partly also by regional public heal
Page 53: 3.4 Indicated prevention Indicated
Page 57 and 58: Table 4-2: Prevalence estimates of
Page 59 and 60: Table 4-4: Prevalence estimates of
Page 61 and 62: The general population studies (see
Page 63 and 64: Information on treatment and counse
Page 65 and 66: 5.2.1 Professional Competency of Se
Page 67 and 68: Table 5-6: Number of outpatient hea
Page 69 and 70: Table 5-8: Number of healthcare fac
Page 71 and 72: The proportions found for prescribi
Page 73 and 74: Map 5-2: Sobering-up station networ
Page 75 and 76: Table 5-14: Network of inpatient fa
Page 77 and 78: care centres report to diagnostic i
Page 79 and 80: cannabis, especially among adolesce
Page 81 and 82: Map 5-4: Number of all treatment de
Page 83 and 84: Figure 5-8: Selected characteristic
Page 85 and 86: 5.3.3.2 Clients in Opiate Substitut
Page 87 and 88: Figure 5-10: Trends in the capacity
Page 89 and 90: Table 5-23: Number of hospitalisati
Page 91 and 92: Table 6-1: Number of newly detected
Page 93 and 94: Figure 6-5: Reported incidence of s
Page 95 and 96: The monitoring of testing for infec
Page 97 and 98: Table 6-8: Results of testing for H
Page 99 and 100: Table 6-9: Sharing of needles and s
Page 101 and 102: tests for cannabis; see Table 6-12.
Page 103 and 104: Pervitin was the cause of a fatal o
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Table 6-15: Deaths with the presenc
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Table 6-17: Fatal drug overdoses in
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Figure 6-13: Comparison of trends i
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7 Responses to Health Correlates an
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Table 7-2: Selected services of low
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Map 7-2: Number of needles and syri
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Table 7-8: History of HBV, HCV, and
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8 Social Correlates and Social Rein
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Altogether, 987 clients (610 of the
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9 Drug-Related Crime, Prevention of
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Table 9-2: Number of persons arrest
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Figure 9-1: Total number of persons
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Table 9-7: Sentences and other meas
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Table 9-9: Drug-related misdemeanou
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in custody, and 8 being the inmates
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(approximately 0.5%). However, only
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Table 9-15: NGOs providing drug ser
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Supported by the National Focal Poi
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was rather bizarre. For example, th
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shut down by the authorities. The l
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the regional police headquarters on
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conduct research in the area of pen
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Republic for the Period 2011-2012 f
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departments) or by the external pro
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more than 10 clients, etc. This is
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12 Drug Users with Children The aim
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Childbirth and the National Registe
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Table 12-2: Total number of mothers
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(diagnostic institutions), and reha
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12.3.2 Helping Services Help to chi
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13 Cross-border Travel, Drug Use, a
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ethnic minorities in the Czech Repu
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1: Overview
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Table 9-10: Criminal offences commi
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SELECTED DRUG-RELATED WEB PAGES ON
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2005-2009 National Strategy - Natio
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ministry, 18, 41, 42, 115 ministry
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Generální ředitelství Vězeňsk
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Mravčík, V., Zábranský, T., Kor
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Policie ČR (2011) Statistické př
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Van den Berg, C., Smit, C., Van Bru
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