The Australian Government's Innovation Report

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Table 13. Australian Innovation Scorecard 2006 Category Knowledge Creation Human Resources Finance Knowledge Diffusion Collaboration Market Outcomes Indicator 2006 2004 rank 1 rank 2002 rank Australia score Leader Leader score OECD average Australia relative to OECD Year of available data R&D expenditure in 6 6 6 0.78% Iceland 1.35% 0.63% 2 Above 2004 3 education sectors as % GDP 3 government & higher Scientific and technical articles per million population Number of US patents per million population Business sector R&D expenditure (BERD) as % of GDP 10 9 8 1279 articles 17 18 18 51 patents United States 2 231 articles 278 patents 765 Above 2005 articles 4 126 Below 2005 patents 4 17 18 20 0.94% Sweden 2.93% 1.15% 2 Below 2004 Percentage of workforce 8 6 5 21.9% United with tertiary education 7 States Switzerland Number of science graduates in employment per 100 000 employed 25-34 year olds 8 3 3 6 2020 graduates Researchers per 10 000 labour force 8 8 7 80 researchers Investment in venture 2 4 7 0.25% Republic capital as % of GDP 9 of Korea Investment in ICT as % of business sector gross fixed capital formation Internet users per 1000 population 4 3 3 22.9% United States Finland 2298 graduates Finland 157 researchers 29.7% 17.7% 2 Above 2004 1229 Above 2002 ates 2 gradu- 67 Above 2004 researchers 5 0.25% 0.09% 2 Above 2003 29.1% 17.9% 2 Above 2003 4 6 10 704 users Iceland 732 users 531 users 2 Above 2005 Broadband subscribers 17 21 20 174 Denmark 292 155 2 Above 2006 per 1000 population 10 Investment in new machinery and equipment as a % of GDP Percentage of innovators with collaboration activity 12 12 17 7.8% Slovak Republic Breadth of international 13 12 8 114 collaboration 12 science and engineering countries 15.1% 7.7% 2 Above 2004 6 N/A N/A 31% 11 Finland 52% 20% 6 Above 2003 United Kingdom 172 countries 104 Above 2003 countries 2 Average annual growth 10 7 3 1.11% Ireland 3.3% 1.14 2 Below 1999-03 between 1999 and 2003 13 in multifactor productivity Percentage of turnover from new goods and services innovations Percentage of innovating businesses in the economy 14 N/A N/A 19.5% 11 United Kingdom 41% 28.8% 6 Below 2001-03 10 N/A N/A 41% 11 Germany 54% 40% 6 Above 2001-03 Percentage of businesses 4 N/A N/A 19% United goods and services 14 using the internet to sell Kingdom 27% 12% 2 Above 2004 Sources: ABS Catalogue numbers 8158.0, 1350.0, 8109.0, 8111.0 and 8112.0, 5204.0, 5206, Eurostats Third Community Innovation Survey (CIS3) 1998-2001, US Patent and Trademark Office 2005, World Competitiveness Yearbook 2006, OECD STI Scoreboard 2005, 2006, OECD Main Science & Technology Indicators, Number 1 2006, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2004, OECD Education at a Glance 2005, 2006, OECD Education Database 2006, OECD Venture Capital Database 2006, NSF Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, Thompson ISI 2006. Chapter 4 - Australian innovation scorecard 123
Notes: 1. Australia’s ranking is in a field of 27 to 30 OECD countries with the exception of: Investment in ICT as a percentage of business sector gross fixed capital formation (21), Growth in multi-factor productivity between 1999 and 2003 (19), Total percentage of innovating businesses in the economy (18), Percentage of turnover from new goods and services (17) and Percentage of innovators with collaboration activity (16). 2. The average is a country average rather than a weighted average. 3. Higher Education Sector R&D expenditure is valued on a 2004 calendar year basis and is normalised on that calendar year GDP to be consistent. Australian Government Sector R&D expenditure is valued on a 2004-05 financial year basis and is normalised by that financial year GDP to be consistent. GDP figures used are the most recently revised ABS figures at time of printing. This differs slightly from the methodology used in the 2004 and 2002 scorecard. In the 2004 and 2002 scorecards Government Sector and Higher Education sector R&D were both normalised by financial year GDP. 4. Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources calculation of weighted OECD average is based on each countries relative share of total OECD population. 5. Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources calculation of weighted OECD average is based on each countries relative share of total OECD labour force population. 6. Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources calculation of weighted OECD average is based on each countries relative share of the total number of innovating businesses in the OECD. 7. Tertiary Education refers to traditional university degree of a length of three years or greater. 8. The methodology used here is consistent with the methodology used in the 2002 scorecard. It refers to the number of science graduates aged 25-34 in employment per 100 000 employed 25-34 year olds. This omits international or domestic students who graduated in the country of interest but are employed elsewhere and also omits those aged over 34. In the 2004 scorecard this indicator was changed to the number of science graduates per 10 000 persons in the entire labour force. This change was necessitated by data unavailability at the time of the 2004 scorecard (see 2004 scorecard notes). Since then data in line with the original methodology have become available for both this 2006 scorecard and the previous 2004 scorecard. 9. The source for Australian venture capital data has changed. Data shown here for this and previous scorecards reflect this change. The previous source for Australian data was the Australian Venture Capital Journal (AVCJ) but this journal is no longer published. Australian data is now sourced from the ABS “Venture Capital” publication (catalogue 5678.0). Caution should be exercised when making comparisons between countries as this is a new topic of statistical measurement where international standards are still in development, so there may be considerable collection and methodology differences between nations. 10. This indicator was not included in previous Scorecards. The 2004 and 2002 ranks given here use 2004 and 2003 data respectively. 11. Australian values for these indicators were derived from the ABS 8158.0 Innovation in Australian Business Survey. To make these indicators consistent with the methodology used in the Third Community Innovation Survey (CIS3) from which the data for other countries were drawn, appropriate changes were made. Industries falling under ANZIC classifications A,E,G, M,N,O,P,Q and subdivision 77 were excluded from analysis as they did not correspond to the industries included in the CIS3. Also, Australian firms were excluded from being an “innovator” if they had indicated they had engaged in Organisational innovation only, i.e. they did not indicate any new or significantly improved product or process innovation. The averages of these indicators are for the European Union members of the OECD only. 12. This indicator was not included in the 2002 Scorecard. The 2002 rank given here is using 1999 data. 13. Averages for multi-factor productivity growth should be interpreted cautiously as productivity change may be driven by different factors across economies. 14. The definition of Internet selling and purchasing varies between countries, with some explicitly including orders placed by conventional email (for instance, Australia and Canada) and others explicitly excluding such orders (e.g. Ireland, the UK and some other European countries). Most countries explicitly use the OECD concept of Internet commerce, that is, goods or services are ordered over the Internet but payment and/or delivery may be off-line. All industries includes, for most countries: Manufacturing, Construction, Wholesale and retail, (part) Hotels and restaurants, Transport, storage & communication, Real estate, renting and business activities and (part) Other community, social and personal service activities 124 Backing Australia’s Ability
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2006 07 The Australian Government
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ISBN: 0 642 77 675x ISBN: 0 642 77
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Enhancing industrial R&D 44 R&D Tax
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PRIORITY 3 - FRONTIER TECHNOLOGIES
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8 Backing Australia’s Ability
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FRDC GDP GERD GGAP GOVERD GRDC HECS
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12 Backing Australia’s Ability
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The year also saw significant outco
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The Australian Innovation Scorecard
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Table 1: Australian Government supp
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The Australian Government’s inves
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Sustaining funding for government r
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• Key to Australasian liverwort a
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Australian Institute of Marine Scie
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Coral gives new insight into changi
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• As part of the joint Careers in
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Developing meaningful, long-term co
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Defence Science and Technology Orga
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In 2005-06, Geoscience Australia st
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The majority of research-related pu
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The successful proposals represent
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In addition to the continued large
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Enhancing industrial R&D R&D Tax Co
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• improving the management of nat
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Food Innovation Grants Programme As
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Most facilities provide training pr
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Total funding for the ISL programme
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Improving research quality and acce
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PART 2 - Accelerating the commercia
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Pooled Development Funds The Pooled
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In 2005-06, $12.83 million was inve
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Table 9: Sectoral distribution of C
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Building on ICT strengths Advanced
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Other achievements included: • ge
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Seafood Services Australia Ltd An I
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Interest in ITOL and e-business rem
Page 73 and 74: • provision of a business develop
Page 75 and 76: Building links to facilitate commer
Page 77 and 78: Taking a closer look at stem cells
Page 79 and 80: Biotechnology Australia Public Awar
Page 81 and 82: • commercialisation seminars for
Page 83 and 84: Advancing SET skills Audit of Scien
Page 85 and 86: National Youth Science Forum The Na
Page 87 and 88: Mathematics and informatics In 2005
Page 89 and 90: Higher Education Loan Programme The
Page 91 and 92: Fostering entrepreneurship and awar
Page 93 and 94: Skilled Immigration Migration conti
Page 95 and 96: ANSTO’s Dr Tony Taylor with the m
Page 97 and 98: The millimetre wave radar stope mon
Page 99 and 100: Sustainable use of Australia’s bi
Page 101 and 102: New techniques assist exploration c
Page 103 and 104: Pushing the heater bank used to run
Page 105 and 106: The diagnostic tool uses a unique a
Page 107 and 108: The researchers anticipate that the
Page 109 and 110: Advanced materials Quick dry merino
Page 111 and 112: Promoting an innovation culture and
Page 113 and 114: Dairy for Tomorrow launch in Tasman
Page 115 and 116: David Griffin (left) and Andreas Sc
Page 117 and 118: Scientists are searching for an eff
Page 119 and 120: Clearinghouse-type websites are cur
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Page 123: The scorecard provides an overview
Page 127 and 128: FIGURE 1: Percentage change in the
Page 129 and 130: FIGURE 2: Australia’s innovation
Page 131 and 132: Compared to the 2004 scorecard Aust
Page 133 and 134: FIGURE 6: Number of scientific and
Page 135 and 136: FIGURE 9: Percentage of the workfor
Page 137 and 138: Knowledge Diffusion Investment in I
Page 139 and 140: FIGURE 16: Investment in new equipm
Page 141 and 142: Percentage of Turnover Attributed t
Page 143 and 144: Conclusions The Australian Innovati
Page 145 and 146: Commonwealth State and Territory Ad
Page 147 and 148: • promoting and marketing industr
Page 149 and 150: Australian Bureau of Statistics The
Page 151 and 152: Informing the future House of Repre
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Page 155 and 156: Appendix 1: Major flows of funding
Page 157 and 158: Appendix 3: Overview of Australia
Page 159 and 160: Appendix 4: Backing Australia’s A
Page 161 and 162: Appendix 5: Overview of R&D in regi
Page 163 and 164: Appendix 7: National Research Prior
Page 165 and 166: CRC for Spatial Information http://
Page 167 and 168: Desert Knowledge CRC http://www.des
Page 169 and 170: ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision
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