The Australian Government's Innovation Report

Australia’s innovation performance relative to the 2004 and 2002 Scorecards
Table 14 provides a comparison of Australia’s performance for the 14 indicators where comparisons are
possible. Values reported for the 2004 and 2002 scorecards incorporate any revisions of the data that have
occurred since those scorecards were published.
Table 14. Comparison of Australia’s performance in the 2006, 2004 and 2002 Scorecards
Indicator
2006 Scorecard
(year of data)
2004 Scorecard
(year of data)
2002 Scorecard
(year of data)
Knowledge Creation
R&D expenditure in government and higher education sectors
as a percentage of GDP
0.78% (2004) 0.77% (2002) 0.76% (2000)
Scientific and technical articles per million of the population 1279 articles (2005) 1154 articles (2003) 1090 articles (1999)
Number of US patents per million of the population 51 patents (2005) 52 patents (2003) 54 patents (2001)
Business sector R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP 0.94% (2004-05) 0.89% (2002-03) 0.72% (2000-1)
Human Resources
Percentage of workforce with tertiary education 22% (2004) 20 % (2002) 18 % (1999)
Number of science graduates in employment per 100 000
employed 25-34 year olds
2020 graduates
(2004)
1942 graduates
(2003)
1303 graduates
(1999)
Researchers per 10 000 of the labour force
80 researchers
(2004)
74 researchers
(2002)
68 researchers
(1999)
Finance
Investment in venture capital as a percentage of GDP 0.25% (2003) 0.28% (2001) 0.23% (2000)
Knowledge Diffusion
Investment in ICT as a percentage of business sector gross fixed capital
formation
22.9% (2003) 24.7% (2001) 26.0% (2000)
Internet users per 1000 population 704 users (2005) 601 users (2003) 465 users (2001)
Broadband subscribers per 1000 population 174 (2006) 77 (2004)* 35 (2003)*
Investment in machinery and equipment as a percentage of GDP 7.79% (2004) 7.98% (2002) 8.05% (1998)
Collaboration
Percentage of innovators with collaboration activity 31% (2003) N/A N/A
Breadth of international science and engineering collaboration 114 (2003) 106 (2001) 113 (1999)
Market Outcomes
Average annual growth in MFP 1.1% (1999–2003) 1.4% (1997–2001) 2.4% (1995–1999)
Percentage turnover from new goods and services innovations for
product innovators
19.5% (2001-2003) N/A N/A
Percentage of innovating businesses in the economy 41% (2001-2003) N/A N/A
Percentage of businesses using the internet to sell goods and services 19% (2004) N/A N/A
Sources: See Table 13. * The Broadband figures reported here were not published in the 2004 and 2002 scorecards.
Another way of looking at the changes shown in Table 14 is in Figure 1, which shows the percentage change in
Australia’s performance between the 2004 and 2006 scorecard compared to the percentage change in Australia’s
performance between the 2002 and 2004 scorecards.
Chapter 4 - Australian innovation scorecard 125