2012 - Washington Red Raspberry Commission

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• Overwintering flies-mix of different ages. • Some overwintering females were mated (spermatozoa observed in spermathecae or seminal vesicle) (Fig 1). • Some overwintering females (Nov-April) severely starved-remaining eggs incorporated into a thin fat layer lining a hollow abdomen. Variation in SWD activity and economic damage in 2012 was reported in west coast states from California and Oregon and southern Washington which experienced high SWD pressure, to northwestern Washington where economic damage from SWD was not reported until the end of the red raspberry season. SWD clinal variation occurs along the west coast, therefore seasonality of some but not all of the observations mentioned above may vary according to location. Stage 1 Stage 9 Stage 4 Stage 14 Fig. 2. Ovariole from a 15-18 day NWREC culture SWD shows a mature egg (stage 14) ready for oviposition with eggs representing stages 9, 4 and 1 seen advancing in another ovariole (behind) within the same ovary. Fig. 3. A mix of both viable and older eggs can be seen in this 13-20 Sep SWD from BC, Canada. Viable eggs were observed in dissected SWD from mid-May through September. Older eggs were observed from late May - early June and again in September. Publications: Gerdeman, B S., L. K. Tanigoshi and G. Hollis Spitler. 2011. Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) monitoring, identifying, and fruit sampling. WSU Ext. Fact Sheet FS049E, pp. 3. Gerdeman, B. S. and L. K. Tanigoshi. 2011. Biology and management of spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) in small fruits in the Pacific Northwest. IOBC/wprs Bull. 70: 129-136. Bruck, D. J. M. Bolda, L. Tanigoshi, J. Klick, J. Kleiber, J. DeFrancesco, B. Gerdeman and H. Spitler. 2011. Pest Management Sci. 67: 1375-1385. 099
Project No.: New Title: Management impacts of a unilateral insecticide tactic to control spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) and the resurgence of economic populations of spider mites and affects on their phytoseiids mite predators Year Initiated: 2013 Current Year: 2012 Terminating Year: 2015 Personnel: Lynell K. Tanigoshi, Entomologist Beverly S. Gerdeman, Research Associate, Entomology G. Hollis Spitler, Agricultural Research Technician WSU Mount Vernon Northwestern Washington Research & Extension Center Funding: $9,921 Justification and Background: Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), SWD, is a direct pest of red raspberry, promoting premature softening and bacterial contamination, which results in rapid decay. Chemical controls for SWD in northwestern Washington red raspberry still remain unclear since the recent invasion of the pest in late season 2009. A list of effective chemicals has been recommended. Questions still remain about the concept of preventative contact control of adults in terms of rotating effective products of to prevent or delay SWD’s ability to develop resistance to a whole group of products (e.g., pyrethroids). Grower IPM programs are now dominated by industry’s zero tolerance for SWD. This concern has regressed to a seven-day rotation program to control SWD while covering other pests that were on a spray as monitoring indicated. This calendar spray schedule for SWD, MRLs, PHIs and zero tolerance by processors has seen the resurgence of two spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch and yellow spider mites, Eotetranychus carpini borealis (Ewing). Because Mustang Max is inexpensive, its MRLs to Asia, short PHI and REI, number of applications per season, failure to rotate with non-pyrethroids, could result in cross resistance to other Group 3 insecticides. The phenomenon for inducing spider mite resistance has long been known for pyrethroids from the tree fruit and strawberry literature. Insect resistance management principles will require spider mite monitoring, precision applications of registered acaricides, labeling of new chemistries for caneberries, in addition to better rotation of pyrethroids and intervals between insecticide applications. More precise information on first SWD adult emergence, their population dynamics and phenology with fruit ripeness, fecundity and oviposition periods need to be integrated with their impacts on the secondary pests of caneberries which were integratively managed before the invasion of SWD. This knowledge will provide raspberry growers with making better decisions for optimum timing of protective cover sprays while accounting for picking schedules and targeted markets like Korea, Canada and Mexico. The $44.3 million dollar (20011 USDA NASS) red raspberry industry in Washington State could suffer severe economic losses in 2013 given a more normal season compared with 2012. Relationship to WRRC Research priority(s): #1 priority – Evaluation of the life cycle and management options of the Spotted Wing Drosophila. 100
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2013 Research Proposals and 2012 Re
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Table of Contents Primary Investiga
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2012 WASHINGTON RED RASPBERRY COMMI
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ut the effect was short lived (Pink
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Privѐ, J., J.A. Sullivan, and J.T.
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Corbin, A Benedict, C Cogger, C Bar
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Budget: Indirect or overhead costs
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Justification and Background: In 20
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Budget: Indirect or overhead costs
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2012 PROGRESS REPORT Title: Red Ras
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than most other varieties but are s
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Table 1. Yield and fruit weight of
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Table 3. Harvest data for hand-harv
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Table 5. Susceptibility (S) and res
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identifying new, unbroken sources o
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tested rigorously over a period of
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Other funding sources: All amounts
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We will collect large quantities of
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Current & Pending Support NAME (Lis
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Appendices Table RY1. Red raspberry
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Table RY3. Mean yield and berry siz
Page 49 and 50: Table RY5. Mean yield and berry siz
Page 51 and 52: 8 Table RY8. Ripening season for pr
Page 53 and 54: - Cultivars for the Pacific Northwe
Page 55 and 56: Current & Pending Support Chad Finn
Page 57 and 58: Washington Red Raspberry Commission
Page 59 and 60: Title of project: Support of SCRI P
Page 61 and 62: We will develop markers that will b
Page 63 and 64: the operations amenable to and desi
Page 65 and 66: Budget: Indirect or overhead costs
Page 67 and 68: Current & Pending Support-Tarara In
Page 69 and 70: Table 1. Primocane injury and weed
Page 71 and 72: Importantly, floricane injury and b
Page 73 and 74: 2013 WASHINGTON RED RASPBERRY COMMI
Page 75 and 76: density. The roots and shoots are s
Page 77 and 78: Name (List PI #1 first) Moore, P.P.
Page 79 and 80: Publications/Presentations: July 18
Page 81 and 82: Table 2. 2011 and 2012 harvest of 2
Page 83 and 84: PROJECT: 13C-3755-5641 TITLE: Red R
Page 85 and 86: PROPOSED BUDGET: Funds from the Nor
Page 87 and 88: Washington Red Raspberry Commission
Page 91 and 92: • Maximum number of plants per se
Page 93 and 94: Project Title: Fungicide Resistance
Page 95 and 96: society’s/the environment’s bes
Page 97 and 98: aged, contact/ingestion residues fo
Page 99: Table 3. Clay color weevil topical
Page 103 and 104: growers in the Lynden area that hav
Page 105 and 106: Application Date: November 13, 2012
Page 107 and 108: particular inoculum levels are asso
Page 109 and 110: References: Berkeley, G. H. and Jac
Page 113 and 114: technical bulletin states “For pe
Page 115: Budget: 2013 2014 Salaries $0 $0 Ad
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2012 - Washington Red Raspberry Commission

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