2012 - Washington Red Raspberry Commission

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esearch directly addresses a #1 priority of the Washington Red Raspberry commission, soil fumigant techniques and alternatives. Justification and Background: Root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus penetrans, are migratory endoparasites, migrating between the soil and roots. This nematode is prominent in western Washington soils and has been shown to reduce raspberry vigor and yield (Gigot et al., accepted; Zasada and Walters, unpublished data). Currently, P. penetrans is managed in red raspberry by pre-plant fumigation with Telone C-35; there are few reliable post-plant nematicides registered for use in raspberry. We previously evaluated 13 post-plant nematicides for ability to suppress P. penetrans in raspberry (Zasada et al., 2010). Of the tested products only Vydate (oxamyl) and fosthiazate suppressed this nematode on raspberry plants. It is unlikely that fosthiazate will be labeled for us on red raspberry. However, Vydate was recently labeled for us on non-bearing raspberry for the control of nematodes in Washington (EPA SLN NO. WA-120005). This is a different type of use compared to that in Canada where Vydate is labeled for use on bearing plants; therefore it is essential that we identify the optimal way to apply Vydate Figure 1. Population densities of Pratylenchus penetrans to maximize nematode control. in plots treated with Vydate in spring 2012. In 2012, we conducted on-farm trials with the goal of evaluating the phytotoxicity of Vydate to raspberry. Vydate was applied to either newly planted tissue cultured or dormant cane plants twice in May or June. Phytotoxicity was evaluated and soil samples were collected before treatment and soil and root samples collected in the fall for quantification of P. penetrans populations. Initially, there were very few nematodes detected in these fields with average populations of 0, 3, and 1 P. penetrans/100 g soil in Fields 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In the fall P. penetrans population densities in roots were significantly higher (indicated by * in Figure 1) in nontreated plots compared to Vydate-treated plots. The same trend was observed in Field 3, however it was not statistically significant. Vydate was not phytotoxic to raspberry in these trials. Pratylenchus penetrans population density 800 600 400 200 0 800 600 400 200 0 800 600 Field 1 Field 2 Field 3 * * * Soil (#/100 g soil) Root (#/g root) These results are significant because they demonstrate that Vydate will be a very important nematode management tool for Washington raspberry growers. Currently the only application timing recommendation for Vydate is that soil temperature be at least 45 °F at a depth of 8 inches. The Vydate 400 200 0 Nontreated May 2x June 2x Vydate Treatment 111
technical bulletin states “For perennial crops, the period of root growth is critical. Applications should be timed to coincide with periods of root flush or growth”. Nematode control by Vydate in relationship to root growth in northern Washington needs to be considered to maximize the efficacy of this product. Relationship to WRRC Research priority(s): This proposed research directly addresses a #1 priority of the WRRC, soil fumigant techniques and alternatives. Objectives: 1. Optimize the use of Vydate for nematode suppression in non-bearing raspberry, and; 2. Continue to monitor nematode population dynamics in raspberry plants treated with Vydate in 2012. Procedures: Over a two-year period we propose to evaluate Vydate for the control of P. penetrans in nonbearing raspberry. All trials will be conducted in grower fields. For Obj. 1 we will establish trials in three newly planted and fumigated raspberry fields in northern Washington in spring 2013. Each of these fields will represent a different variety. In each field, a randomized block design experiment with four replications of each treatment will be established (48 plots total). The treatments along with the justification for each treatment will be: 1. Nontreated control 2. April Vydate 2x – Vydate will be applied at 2 pints/acre twice in April; applications will be separated by 3 weeks. Due to reliable rainfall in April this is a very practical time of year since the application will not need to be watered in if applied prior to a rain. This treatment was not evaluated in 2012 trials. 3. May Vydate 2x – Same 2x rate as for April. Soil temperatures will be warmer in May and nematodes may be more active and root growth more abundant making this a better time to apply Vydate. 4. June Vydate 2x – Same 2x rate as for April. Soil temperatures will be even warmer than in May, however, rainfall will not be as reliable as in April/May making it necessary to follow the application with 0.25 or 0.50 acre inch of water. Plots will be approximately 30 ft long consist of 12 dormant canes or tissue cultured raspberry plants. Six soil cores will be collected from each subplot prior to the first April treatment, combined and nematodes extracted and quantified. At this time soil temperature probes will be placed at each location. Vydate will be applied to plots as described above. Plant growth (cane height and number of canes) will be evaluated in July. Soil and root samples will be collected again in the fall from plots. Roots will be separated from soil and nematodes will be extracted from roots and soil and quantified. Pratylenchus penetrans populations will continue to be followed in these trials in spring and fall 2014, as described above. For Objective 2 we will return to the trials established in 2012 and sample soil and roots for P. penetrans in spring and fall 2013 to see how long Vydate protects new plants from nematodes. 112
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2013 Research Proposals and 2012 Re
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Table of Contents Primary Investiga
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2012 WASHINGTON RED RASPBERRY COMMI
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ut the effect was short lived (Pink
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Privѐ, J., J.A. Sullivan, and J.T.
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Corbin, A Benedict, C Cogger, C Bar
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Budget: Indirect or overhead costs
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Justification and Background: In 20
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Budget: Indirect or overhead costs
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2012 PROGRESS REPORT Title: Red Ras
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than most other varieties but are s
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Table 1. Yield and fruit weight of
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Table 3. Harvest data for hand-harv
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Table 5. Susceptibility (S) and res
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identifying new, unbroken sources o
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tested rigorously over a period of
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Other funding sources: All amounts
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We will collect large quantities of
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Current & Pending Support NAME (Lis
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Appendices Table RY1. Red raspberry
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Table RY3. Mean yield and berry siz
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Table RY5. Mean yield and berry siz
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8 Table RY8. Ripening season for pr
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- Cultivars for the Pacific Northwe
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Current & Pending Support Chad Finn
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Washington Red Raspberry Commission
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Title of project: Support of SCRI P
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Page 63 and 64: the operations amenable to and desi
Page 65 and 66: Budget: Indirect or overhead costs
Page 67 and 68: Current & Pending Support-Tarara In
Page 69 and 70: Table 1. Primocane injury and weed
Page 71 and 72: Importantly, floricane injury and b
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Page 75 and 76: density. The roots and shoots are s
Page 77 and 78: Name (List PI #1 first) Moore, P.P.
Page 79 and 80: Publications/Presentations: July 18
Page 81 and 82: Table 2. 2011 and 2012 harvest of 2
Page 83 and 84: PROJECT: 13C-3755-5641 TITLE: Red R
Page 85 and 86: PROPOSED BUDGET: Funds from the Nor
Page 87 and 88: Washington Red Raspberry Commission
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Page 91 and 92: • Maximum number of plants per se
Page 93 and 94: Project Title: Fungicide Resistance
Page 95 and 96: society’s/the environment’s bes
Page 97 and 98: aged, contact/ingestion residues fo
Page 99 and 100: Table 3. Clay color weevil topical
Page 101 and 102: Project No.: New Title: Management
Page 103 and 104: growers in the Lynden area that hav
Page 105 and 106: Application Date: November 13, 2012
Page 107 and 108: particular inoculum levels are asso
Page 109 and 110: References: Berkeley, G. H. and Jac
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Page 115: Budget: 2013 2014 Salaries $0 $0 Ad
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2012 - Washington Red Raspberry Commission

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