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98 THIRD WHO REPORT ON NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
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As with the other dog-transmitted NTDs, management of waste has a direct impact on
roaming dog populations and therefore the source of the disease. The involvement of other
sectors – including the veterinary as well as the water, sanitation and hygiene sectors – is critical.
Alveolar echinococcosis is confined to the northern hemisphere, in particular to regions
of China, Central Asia, the Russian Federation and countries in continental Europe, and in
North America. The parasite is endemic, but human cases are not observed. Both diseases are
considered to be underreported; however, data indicate that echinococcosis is re-emerging as
an important public-health problem. More than 1 million people worldwide are affected by
these diseases at any one time (8).
Fig. 4.5.2 Distribution of Echinococcus granulosus and cystic echinococcosis, worldwide, 2012
Highly endemic areas
Present
Suspected
Rare/sporadic
Probably absent
Not applicable
Research priorities
2015 target: pilot projects to validate effective echinococcosis control strategies implemented
in selected countries where the disease is a public-health problem.
2020 target: validated control strategy available and scaled up.