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162 THIRD WHO REPORT ON NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES *** Investment targets for preventive chemotherapy against soil-transmitted helminthiases (delivery excluding medicines), 2015–2030 200 Constant US$ millions 150 100 ● 50 0 2015 2020 Year 2025 2030 Notes: Shaded areas reflect the range determined by low and high values of the unit cost benchmarks; they do not reflect uncertainty about future rates of scale-up and scale-down of interventions. The dots in 2012 are actual numbers reported (when available) multiplied by the unit cost benchmarks; these are not actual expenditures, but can be thought of as a benchmark for actual expenditures. All numbers expressed in US$ are constant (real) US$, adjusted to reflect purchasing power in the United States of America in 2015. As work continues on the third edition of the Disease Control Priorities Project, WHO is working also on an analysis of the cost-effectiveness of integrated preventive chemotherapy for helminth elimination and control. _____________________ 1 Bundy DAP, Walson JL, Watkins KL. Worms, wisdom, and wealth: why deworming can make economic sense. Trends Parasitol. 2013;29:142–8. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2012.12.003. 2 Replication of ‘Worms: identifying impacts on education and health’. (http://www.3ieimpact.org/en/evaluation/impactevaluation-replication-programme/replication-worms-identifying-impacts-education-and-health/; accessed October 2014). 3 Croke K. The long run effects of early childhood deworming on literacy and numeracy: evidence from Uganda. Harvard School of Public Health: Department of Global Health and Population; 2014 (http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/ ug_lr_deworming_071714.pdf; accessed October 2014). 4 Ngui R, Lim YAL, Chong Kin L, Sek Chuen C, Jaffar S. Association between anaemia, iron deficiency anaemia, neglected parasitic infections and socioeconomic factors in rural children of West Malaysia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6:e1550. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001550. 5 Fonseca EOL, Teixeira MG, Barreto ML, Carmo EH, Costa M da CN. [Prevalence and factors associated with geohelminth infections in children living in municipalities with low HDI in North and Northeast Brazil]. Cad Saúde Pública. 2010;26:143–52. 6 Schmidlin T, Hürlimann E, Silué KD, Yapi RB, Houngbedji C, Kouadio BA et al. Effects of hygiene and defecation behavior on helminths and intestinal protozoa infections in Taabo, Côte d’Ivoire. PLoS One. 2013;8:e65722. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065722.
*** THE DISEASES − CHAPTER 4 163 Burden and distribution WHO estimates that about 875 million children require annual treatment with preventive chemotherapy (4). Fig. 4.15.1 shows the global distribution of soil-transmitted helminthiases and the proportion of all children needing regular preventive chemotherapy. Fig. 4.15.2 shows the number of preschool-age children treated during 2008–2012. Fig. 4.15.1 Distribution of soil-transmitted helminthiases and proportion of children (aged 1–14 years) in each endemic country requiring preventive chemotherapy for the diseases, worldwide, 2012 Proportion of children (aged 1–14 years) in each endemic country requiring preventive chemotherapy for soil-transmitted helminthiases > 2/3 1/3 2/3 < 1/3 No data available Not required Not applicable
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