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THE DISEASES − CHAPTER 4
109
In the Plurinational State of Bolivia, more than 155 000 people were treated for fascioliasis in
2013. Since 2008, more than 680 000 doses of triclabendazole have been administered. Surveys
carried out in 2013 show a 90% decrease in the prevalence of infection with F. hepatica from
pre-intervention levels.
Peru is also scaling up its control programme by providing preventive chemotherapy in highpriority
areas in the Andes mountain range: 17 000 people were treated in 2012 and 7000 in
2013.
In Egypt, 553 children and adults infected with fascioliasis were identified and treated with
triclabendazole in 2011; their number decreased to 245 in 2012 and to 195 in 2013.
In the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, almost 400 000 adults and children were treated
for opisthorchiasis in 2012, while in 2013 the implementation of treatment interventions was
delayed by the occurrence of severe adverse events following treatment.
In Viet Nam, more than 128 000 people were treated for clonorchiasis in 2011. While no
large-scale intervention was implemented in 2012, approximately 108 000 people were treated
in 2013. Mapping was carried out in northern Viet Nam in 2014 to assess the local burden of
disease.
In Cambodia, where mapping is also ongoing, treatment was offered to 67 000 individuals in
2012 and to 23 000 individuals in 2013.
Research priorities
The most important knowledge gaps on foodborne trematodiases are related to:
• The delineation of endemic areas and the definition of the global burden attributable to
foodborne trematodiases.
• The development and standardization of serological and molecular diagnostic tools,
allowing a better identification of affected individuals.
• The operationalization of a strategic approach complementing preventive chemotherapy
with other interventions (veterinary public-health services and environmental
management).
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REFERENCES
1. Fürst T, Utzinger J. Global burden of human food-borne trematodiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect
Dis. 2012;12:210–21.
2. A review of human carcinogens. Biological agents. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans
[Volume 100 B]. Lyon: World Health Organization; 2012.
3. Report of the WHO expert consultation on foodborne trematode infections and taeniasis/cysticercosis. Geneva: World Health
Organization; 2011 (WHO/HTM/NTD/PCT/2011.3).