Cockroache; Ecology, behavior & history - W.J. Bell

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Blaberoidea Otherwise unplaced: Neopolyphaga a Polyphagidae Subfamily undetermined Compsodes, Heterogamia, b Homopteroidea, Leiopteroblatta, Myrmecoblatta, Oulopteryx, Tivia Polyphaginae Anisogamia, Arenivaga, Austropolyphaga, Eremoblatta, Ergaula, Eucorydia, Eupolyphaga, Heterogamisca, Heterogamodes, Holocampsa, Homoeogamia, Hypercompsa, Polyphaga, Polyphagoides, Therea Cryptocercidae Cryptocercinae Cryptocercus Nocticolidae Alluaudellina, Cardacopsis, Cardacus, Metanocticola, Nocticola, Spelaeoblatta, Typhloblatta Blattellidae Subfamily undetermined Parellipsidion, Sphecophila Anaplectinae Anaplecta Attaphilinae Attaphila Pseudophyllodromiinae Aglaopteryx, Agmoblatta, Allacta, Amazonina, Balta, Cariblatta, Chorisoneura, Chorisoserrata, Dendroblatta, Ellipsidion, Euphyllodromia, Euthlastoblatta, Imblattella, Latiblattella, Lophoblatta, Macrophyllodromia, Margattea, Mediastinia, Nahublattella, Plecoptera, Prosoplecta, Pseudobalta, Riatia, Sliferia, Shelfordina, Sundablatta, Supella Blattellinae Beybienkoa, Blattella, Chorisia, Chromatonotus, Escala, Hemithyrsocera, Ischnoptera, Loboptera, Lobopterella, Miriamrothschildia, Nelipophygus, Neoloboptera, Neotemnopteryx, Neotrogloblattella, Nesomylacris, Nondewittea, Parasigmoidella, Paratemnopteryx, Parcoblatta, Pseudoanaplectinia, Pseudomops, Robshelfordia, Stayella, Symploce, Trogloblattella, Xestoblatta Ectobiinae Choristima, Ectobius, Phyllodromica Nyctiborinae Megaloblatta, Nyctibora, Paramuzoa, Paratropes Blaberidae A molecular phylogeny of blaberid subfamilies is given in Maekawa et al. (2003, Fig. 3) Subfamily undetermined Apotrogia, Compsolampra Blaberinae Archimandrita, Aspiduchus, Blaberus, Blaptica, Byrsotria, Eublaberus, Hyporichnoda, Lucihormetica, Monastria, Phoetalia Panesthiinae Ancaudellia, Caeparia, Geoscapheus, c Macropanesthia, c Microdina, Miopanesthia, Neogeoscapheus, c Panesthia, Parapanesthia, c Salganea Zetoborinae Capucina, Lanxoblatta, Parasphaeria, Phortioeca, Schizopilia, Schultesia, Thanatophyllum Epilamprinae Aptera, Calolampra, Colapteroblatta, Comptolampra, d Dryadoblatta, Epilampra, Haanina, Homalopteryx, Litopeltis, Miroblatta, Molytria, Opisthoplatia, Phlebonotus, Phoraspis, Poeciloderrhis, Pseudophoraspis, Rhabdoblatta, Thorax, Ylangella Oxyhaloinae Elliptorhina, Griffiniella, Gromphadorhina, Jagrehnia, Nauphoeta, Princisia, Rhyparobia, Simandoa Pycnoscelinae Pycnoscelus Diplopterinae Diploptera Panchlorinae Panchlora Perisphaeriinae Bantua, Compsagis, Cyrtotria, Derocalymma, Laxta, Neolaxta, Perisphaeria, Perisphaerus, Pilema, Poeciloblatta, Pseudoglomeris, Trichoblatta Gyninae Alloblatta, Gyna a. According to Jayakumar et al. (2002). b. According to Ghabbour et al. (1977). c. Tribe Geoscapheini. d. After Anisyutkin (1999). 178 APPENDIX
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Cockroaches
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Cockroaches ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND
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To the families, friends, and colle
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Contents Foreword, by Edward O. Wil
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Foreword Let the lowly cockroach cr
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Preface The study of roaches may la
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colidae, Blattidae, Blattellidae, a
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Cockroaches
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ONE Shape, Color, and Size many a c
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Fig. 1.1 Variations in pronotal mor
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Fig. 1.3 Species of Prosoplecta tha
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1994). Males of Macropanesthia are
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Fig. 1.7 Male (left) and female Sup
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Fig. 1.11 Mechanisms of cockroach d
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Fig. 1.14 Female of the wood-boring
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Fig. 1.18 Male of the Western Austr
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TWO Locomotion: Ground, Water, and
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There is some concern over gangs of
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Fig. 2.4 Oxygen consumption while r
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Head-Raising (Blaberus craniifer) I
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Fig. 2.10 Flight in Periplaneta ame
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cause they may act as parachutes, c
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Fig. 2.11 Phoretic female of Attaph
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Table 2.4. Extent of development of
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soma) granicollis are flattened and
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ut low-quality food has two potenti
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THREE Habitats Of no other type of
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Table 3.1. New World distribution a
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ightly colored Australian species i
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Fig 3.5 The number of individuals o
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these could range from a few millim
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Table 3.2. Examples of cockroaches
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sites in the clay wall of a terrari
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found in deserted termite mounds (R
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Fig. 3.8 Periplaneta sp. in a sewer
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Fig. 3.10 Distribution of Arenivaga
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when maintained in laboratory cultu
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Table 3.5. Studies in which cockroa
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FOUR Diets and Foraging Timid roach
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came scarce. Adults and larger nymp
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pregnant females of D. punctata, gu
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Table 4.3. Longevity of cockroaches
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Fig. 4.4 Beybienkoa sp., night fora
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children. At times they “bite sav
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Table 4.6. Conspecifics as food sou
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ported to take live victims. Both B
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MICROBES IN AND ON FOODSTUFFS Becau
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Fig. 5.2 Unidentified nymph feeding
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(Sibley, 1981). Even if a cockroach
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phae, and plant tissue (Lepschi, 19
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The most sophisticated pattern of n
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Bolker, 2003). The highly complex a
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SIX Mating Strategies The unfortuna
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occur once or twice a day” but gi
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tional sequence of acts (Bell et al
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higher degrees of heteroploidy. Gia
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mounting by the female. Nonetheless
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Table 6.2. Summary of sexual behavi
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sarily the path of nitrogen contain
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ization success. This may be accomp
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male of Eub. posticus “raises up
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1987). In 12% of copulations of D.
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Fig. 6.14 (A) Sagittal section of t
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sequently incorporated it into thei
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In those cockroaches that apparentl
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Fig. 6.19 Spermathecae of female Lo
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Table 7.1. Modes of reproduction in
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that her increased activity level i
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Table 7.2. Changes in wet weight, w
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maximum rate of yolk deposition (Ro
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Fig. 7.7 Diagram of presumed sequen
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Fig 7.8 Parasitism of cockroach egg
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Fig 7.10 Post-oviposition provision
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EIGHT Social Behavior The only usef
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them (Prokopy and Roitberg, 2001).
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gether freely in the laboratory (e.
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marked with bodily secretions (Pett
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In gregarious cockroaches, social f
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more humid environment that surroun
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Parental Care on the Body In severa
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clinging nymphs inside, rendering b
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easy-to-digest diet, thereby reliev
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feed (Reuben, 1988). At present, th
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Fig. 9.1 Phylogenetic tree of Dicty
Page 338: While cockroaches are known to prod
Page 342: unpubl. obs.). Building activity is
Page 346: from both decreased weight gain per
Page 350: Fig. 9.6 Scanning electron microgra
Page 354: Mastotermes (Fig. 9.7) is the only
Page 358: duction was suspended as adults fed
Page 362: TEN Ecological Impact Is there noth
Page 366: Fig. 10.1 Decomposition of logs by
Page 370: ecological significance in deserts
Page 374: the South American frog Phyllomedus
Page 378: oach guts, like termite guts (Ohkum
Page 382: The first and most obvious requirem
Page 386: Appendix Assignation of the cockroa
Page 392: Chemotaxis the directed reaction of
Page 396: Tibia (pl. tibiae) the fourth segme
Page 400: Alexander, R.D. 1974. The evolution
Page 404: American Cockroach. W.J. Bell and K
Page 408: Brossut, R. 1979. Gregarism in cock
Page 412: tems. Vol. 14. Ecosystems of the Wo
Page 416: B.J. Crespi, editors. Oxford Univer
Page 420: and Costa Rica. Transactions of the
Page 424: ing on biogenic amine levels in the
Page 428: Sciences to the Galapagos Islands,
Page 432: Canopy. Y. Basset, V. Novotny, S.E.
Page 436: USSR (Abstract). Izvestiya Akademii
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Mackerras, M.J. 1968b. Neolaxta mon
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munity: the price of immune system
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glands: novel structures involved i
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Rehn, J.A.G. 1931. African and Mala
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Roth, L.M. 1970a. Evolution and tax
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Roth, L.M., and E.R. Willis. 1955a.
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tion” detector, the cockroach’s
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Stout, J.D. 1974. Protozoa. In Biol
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Vidlička, L., and A. Huckova. 1993
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Whitehead, H. 1999. Testing associa
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Blaberus (continued) 51, 74; locomo
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Mastotermitidae, xii, 151, 161 mate
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termitophiles, 7, 13-14, 28, 52. Se
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