Cockroache; Ecology, behavior & history - W.J. Bell

Mastotermitidae, xii, 151, 161
mate choice, 86, 91, 98–99;
cryptic, 101, 104–5, 114
mate finding, 64, 91, 139–40
mating, 101–5; behavioral
sequence, 92–93; female
control of, 106–7; frequency,
90–91; length of,
90, 93; secondary effects
of, 110–11, 122–23; type I,
92, 101; type II, 92; type
III, 92, 105
mating system, 89–91;
monandry, 90, 96, 105;
monogamy, 90, 105, 108,
164; polyandry, 90, 96
Mediastinia, 46
medicine, cockroach as, 172
Megaloblatta, 6, 58, 62
Metanocticola, 53, 96
Methana, 30, 47, 118
methanogens, 77, 158;
methane production, 78,
171–72
microbivory, 64, 70, 75–83, 86
Microdina, 3, 31
migration, 9, 33, 34, 42, 54,
62, 127, 133, 134, 137, 175.
See also dispersal
mimicry, 4, 27, 51, 88, 98,
110. See also beetles, mimicry
of
Miopanesthia, 30–32
Miriamrothschildia, 59, 100,
113, 170
Miroblatta, 6
Molytria, 46
Monastria, 4, 10
montane cockroaches, 28, 36,
37, 43, 48, 169–71
morphology, 1–4, 17, 20–21,
81; of borers, 12; of burrowers,
5–6, 12, 22–23; of
cave cockroaches, 13–14,
52; of conglobulators, 11–
12; of desert cockroaches,
12–13; flattened, 10–11;
of juveniles, 1–2, 25; of
myrmecophiles and termitophiles,
13–14. See also
pronotum; sexual dimorphism;
wings and flight
mymecophiles, 7, 13–14, 28–
29, 35, 50, 51, 153, 156. See
also nests
Myrmecoblatta, 7, 13–14, 28,
50
Nahublattella, xii, 58, 66, 84,
104
Nauphoeta cinerea, xii, 51, 71,
122; activity cycle, 40; aggregation,
133, 140; brooding,
142; copulation, 94,
102, 104; courtship, 91, 93,
106–7; fighting 3; flight,
26; ovoviviparity, 117,
119–21, 128; parthenogenesis,
121; pheromones,
91, 140; receptivity, 106–
10; sperm, 94, 96; starvation,
66–67; stridulation/
vibration,3–4,93
Nelipophygus, 14
Neoblattella, 113
Neogeoscapheus, 31, 32, 49, 120
Neolaxta, 2, 27
Neoloboptera, 104
Neopolyphaga, 90
Neostylopyga, 20, 26, 28, 52,
66, 67, 106
Neotemnopteryx, 20, 33, 52, 96
Neotrogloblattella, 14, 52, 75
Nesomylacris, 29, 39, 40, 41, 66
nests, 37, 45, 58, 77, 153–55,
172; parental care in, 145,
146, 148; of social insects,
7, 11, 27, 28–29, 34, 35, 38,
39, 50–51, 83, 126; of vertebrates,
54–55, 134. See
also birds, nest as habitat;
mymecophiles; termitophiles
nitrogen, 65, 68, 72, 73, 80,
81, 122, 139, 147–49, 157–
58, 163, 164, 166–67; fixation,
159, 171; from urates,
63, 83–86, 99–101, 161
Nocticola, 42, 50, 52–54, 75,
126, 173; morphology, 7,
13, 14–16, 24, 28, 35, 157
Nocticolidae, xii, 14, 16, 52,
126
Nondewittea, 104
nuptial gifts, 8, 73, 86, 95,
99–101, 115
nurseries, 21, 38, 40, 87, 140–
41, 155
nutrient limitation, 15, 35,
85. See also starvation
Nyctibora, xii, 20, 50, 58,
111–12, 114, 118, 127, 133
Nyctiborinae, xii, 111, 124
Nyctotherus, 77–78; phylogeny
of, 80
omnivory, 61, 63, 78, 81, 139
Onychostylus. See Miriamrothschildia
oogenesis, 64, 110, 125, 163;
dependence on nutrients,
122
oothecae, 116–30, 161, 162,
172; cannibalism of, 71–
73; casing, 105, 125–26,
128; of cave cockroaches,
54; concealment, 117–18,
126–27, 153–54; egg
number, 123; flight while
carrying, 26, 128; formation
of, 110; frequency of
laying, 128; permeability,
118–19; rotation, 124–25.
See also hatch
Opisthoplatia, 20, 24, 44, 57,
70, 172
orientation, 19, 50, 135, 142,
152, 153; in caves, 14; in
deserts, 23; to sun, 33;
visual, 91
Orthoptera, 35, 66–67, 84,
151
Oulopteryx, 51
oviparity, 110, 116–19, 123–
29; and social behavior,
141–42, 149
ovoviviparity, 110, 116–17,
119–21, 123–130; cost of,
128–29; and social behavior,
141–42, 146, 149
oxygen, 21, 45, 128; hypoxia,
54–55
Oxyhaloinae, xii, 93, 94, 96,
133
paedomorphosis. See heterochrony
Pallidionicus, 30
Panchlora, 4, 47, 62, 92, 123,
130
Panchlorinae, 93, 94, 105
Panesthia, 44, 48–49, 70, 73,
78, 81, 92, 106, 107, 135,
158, 167; endangered,
173; genitalia, 102, 105;
ootheca, 120; sociality, 105,
145; wings, 30–33
Panesthiinae, xiii, 2, 5, 12, 20,
34, 46, 48, 81, 105, 146; as
decomposers, 166–67;
evolution of, 31–32, 49;
wing development, 30–32
Paramuzoa, 47
Parapanesthia, 31, 32, 49, 120
Parasigmoidella, 102
parasites, 45, 46, 81, 87, 117,
127, 137, 158, 171, 172;
as selection pressure, 126;
wasp, 50, 71, 126–27, 174
Parasphaeria, 47
Paratemnopteryx, 15, 20, 24,
33, 50–53, 74, 75, 85, 127,
132; kin recognition, 153;
morphological variation,
14, 29, 30, 36
Paratropes, 58, 68, 111, 170
Parcoblatta, xii, 4, 8, 26, 38,
41–43, 51, 59, 63–66, 68,
70, 71, 82, 91, 96, 102, 105,
106, 113, 122, 133, 136,
172; oothecae, 111, 117–
18, 135; as prey, 171; urate
excretion, 85–86
Parellipsidion, 43
parental care, 5, 11, 48, 123,
134, 141–49; biparental,
90, 143, 145, 148, 149;
brooding, 80, 132, 142,
148; in burrows 145–46,
148; cost of, 127–29, 148–
49, 161–64; feeding, 64,
73, 80, 120, 129–30, 131,
142–48, 158, 161; parentoffspring
conflict, 147–48.
See also trophallaxis
parthenogenesis, 121–22
pathogens, 45, 46, 76, 80, 82,
87–88, 117, 127, 172, 174;
sexually transmitted, 88;
and social behavior, 87,
137, 141, 147. See also sanitary
behavior
Pellucidonicus, 30
Pelmatosilpha, 51, 118
perching, 20, 29, 39, 40, 41,
42, 58, 69, 93, 142, 153
Periplaneta americana, xi, 2,
7, 27, 38, 40, 41, 72–73, 78,
80, 83, 86, 93, 108, 111,
115, 121, 123, 153, 174–75;
aggregation, 132–37, 140–
41, 171; in caves, 52; coprophagy,
79; copulation,
90, 102, 107, 110; development,
155, 157; digging,
48–49, 154; flight, 25–26,
35; foraging, 64, 65; genitalia,
103; as herbivore, 68;
immunology, 88; learning,
63; locomotion 17–21;
ootheca, 117–19, 125–27;
as predator, 63, 71; as prey,
171; in sewers, 53; size, 8;
sperm, 94, 96; starvation,
65–67, 130, 156; swimming,
23–24; uric acid, 84;
water balance, 57
Periplaneta (genus and other
species), xii, 8, 20, 26, 38,
39, 43–44, 50, 57, 63, 66,
67, 71, 72, 74, 78–79, 84,
98, 105, 118, 121, 122, 126,
127, 129, 132–33, 135,
140, 145, 146, 155, 170,
172
Perisphaeria, 11, 33, 43
Perisphaeriinae, 2, 11, 12, 49,
144, 146
228 INDEX