Interim Report - TEEB
Interim Report - TEEB
Interim Report - TEEB
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TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S<br />
Foreword 3<br />
Preface 4<br />
Executive summary 9<br />
Chapter 1 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS TODAY 11<br />
Chapter 2 BIODIVERSITY, ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELFARE 15<br />
Pressures on biodiversity will continue and human well-being will be affected 15<br />
Food is news on land... 15<br />
...and at sea 16<br />
Water supply increasingly at risk 17<br />
Our health is at stake 18<br />
Growth and development 19<br />
Climate change and biodiversity 20<br />
Impacts on the poor 20<br />
Business-as-usual is not an option 21<br />
What next? 25<br />
References 25<br />
Chapter 3 TOWARDS A VALUATION FRAMEWORK 27<br />
Many failures, one problem 27<br />
Economics, ethics and equity 28<br />
Recognizing risks and uncertainty 29<br />
Discount rates and ethics 29<br />
Discounting and intergenerational equity 29<br />
Discounting in a welfare context 31<br />
Discounting biodiversity losses 32<br />
The evaluation challenge 33<br />
The costs of biodiversity loss 36<br />
The costs of biodiversity conservation 37<br />
Proposed valuation framework 39<br />
Bringing together the ecological and economic aspects in our valuation framework 40<br />
Key principles of best practice on the valuation of ecosystem services 43<br />
References 44<br />
Chapter 4 FROM ECONOMICS TO POLICIES 47<br />
Rethinking today’s subsidies to reflect tomorrow’s priorities 47<br />
Rewarding unrecognized benefits, penalizing uncaptured costs 48<br />
Payments for ecosystem services 48<br />
Extending the “polluter pays” principle 49<br />
Creating new markets 50<br />
Sharing the benefits of conservation 51<br />
Measuring what we manage: metrics for sustainability 53<br />
Imagining a new world 55<br />
References 56<br />
The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity 7
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