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SNPs It has been estimated that, in the world’s human population, about 10 million sites (that is, one variant per 300 bases on average) vary such that both alleles are observed at a frequency of > 1%, and that these 10 million common SNPs constitute 90% of the variation in the population. The remaining 10% is due to a vast array of variants that are each rare in the population. The presence of particular SNP alleles in an individual is determined by testing (‘genotyping’) a genomic DNA sample. NATURE |VOL 426 | 18/25 DECEMBER 2003
A particular combination of alleles along a chromosome is termed a haplotype Haplotype is a set of SNPs on a single chromatid that are statistically associated
Page 1 and 2: The International HapMap Project An
Page 3 and 4: Genetic and environmental contribut
Page 5 and 6: Discovering these genetic factors w
Page 7 and 8: Human Genetic Variations Primarily
Page 9 and 10: SNPs Sites in the genome where the
Page 11 and 12: Polymorphism A sequence variation t
Page 13 and 14: In principle, SNPs could be bi-, tr
Page 15 and 16: Non-coding SNPs Example: Regulatory
Page 17: Coding SNPs Example: Non-synonymous
Page 21 and 22: Linkage disequilibrium Situation i
Page 23 and 24: Many empirical studies have shown h
Page 25: The International HapMap Project is
Page 28 and 29: The HapMap was designed to determin
Page 30 and 31: The International HapMap Consortium
Page 32 and 33: The project had become practical by
Page 34 and 35: The Phase I HapMap Phase I of the H
Page 36 and 37: To study patterns of genetic variat
Page 38 and 39: They estimate that genotypes relate
Page 40 and 41: Genotyping in phase II was attempte
Page 42 and 43: Variation in SNP density within the
Page 44 and 45: Studies in additional populations h
Page 46 and 47: APPLICATION OF THE HAPMAP TO COMMON
Page 48 and 49: The history of high-density GWA sca
Page 50 and 51: A genome-wide association study ide
Page 52 and 53: Beyond SNPs: Copy Number Variants a
Page 54 and 55: Although not as common as SNPs, the
Page 56 and 57: In 2004, the interrogation of genom
Page 58 and 59: It is now recognized that the genom
Page 60: Bibliografia The International HapM

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