Working with the Unix OS

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Introduction to Unix ! Brackets move to a matching bracket () {} [] (%) ! Indent indent a line by one tab >>, un-indent 'a, indent 5 lines 5>> indent a block of C code with {} >% ! Misc redraw screen ^L join current and next line J change case of one letter ~ repeat last command . undo last change u, all changes on line U ! Exit Save and Quit :wq or ZZ Write a copy :w Write to filename :w newfile Write section of file :w'a, .w! newfile Quit :q Quit and force it :q! Edit another file :e file Edit next file :n (vi filel file2 ...) Insert another file :r file ! Shell commands inside vi execute shell command :!cmd args jump into shell :sh (return with "exit") insert output from cmd :r !cmd args output to shell cmd :w !cmd args ! Vi options show current settings indent mode ignore case searching set terminal type show line numbers wrap line at edge :set all :set auto indent :set ignorecase :set term=vtl00 :set number :set wrapmargin=0 Options can be set from shell or .profile. EXINIT="set redraw autowrite autoindent wm=0 ts=8" export EXINIT ! Insert mode commands backspace one word ^W back one indent ^D enter non-printable char ^Vc ! If you botched it If you hit the wrong key... type to abort If you accidentally altered something ...type U If you moved somewhere ...type " to return back Kernel & Utilities The Kernel resides in memory, while the Utilities reside on disk -loaded into memory on request ! Logging In The init program automatically starts up a getty for each terminal port on a system. getty determines the baud rate and displays the login: message. Whet someone types their login name getty starts the login program which checks the password with the entry in /etc/passwd. If successful the users default shell is activated. The Shell is responsible for: - program execution - variable and file name substitution - I/O redirection < > >>
Introduction to Unix 1,$s/^/>>/ 1,$s/..$// /[tT]he/ 1,$s/[â-zA-Z]//g 1,$s/ */ /g 1,$s/e.*e/+++/ 1,$s/^.\{10\}// 1,$s/.\{5\}$// 1,$s/$.*$ $.*$/\2 \1/ insert >> at beginning of each line delete the last 2 chars from each line look for the or The delete all non alphabetic characters change multiple blanks to single blanks change from first e to last e on a line delete first 10 chars from each line delete last 5 chars from each line switch to fields ! Regular expression characters Notation Meaning Examples Matches . any character x.. x followed by any two characters ^ begin of line ^wood line starting with wood $ end of line x$ line ending with x ^$ line with no chars * zero or more x* zero or more x's occurrences of xx* one or more x's .x* zero or more chars [chars] any cha rs [tT] lower/uppercase t [a-z] lowercase letter [^chars] not chars [^0-9] any nonnumeric [â-zA-Z] any nonalphabetic \{min,max\} at least min x\{1,5\} at least 1 and and at most max at most 5 x' s occurrences of [0-9]\{3,9\} anywhere from 3-9 previous regular successive digits expression [0-9]\{3\} exactly 3 digits [0-9]\{3,\} at least 3 digits $...$ store chars ^$.$ 1st char on line matched between store in register 1 parentheses in ^$.$\1 1st and 2nd char on next register(1-9) line if they're same Advanced Vi ! Abbreviations :ab fit Faculty of Information Technology ! Macros -set of macro chars { q, v, K^, Â, ^ D, ^ E, ^X, ^Y } :map Â :!cat $HOME/.vihelp^M ! Search & Replace :g/man /s//person /gc :g/$.*$ -$.*$/s//\2 -\1/gc ! Customise options for ".exrc' file :set all options abbreviation default autoindent ai noai ignorecase (search) ic noic number nu nonu redraw noredraw showmatch ) } sm nosm wrapscan ws ws wrapmargin wm wm=0 The UNIX Operating System ! Advantages 10
Page 1 and 2: UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS DEPARTMENT OF
Page 3 and 4: Figure 27. Driver Entry Points.....
Page 5 and 6: Introduction to Unix ! Execution ma
Page 7 and 8: Introduction to Unix It works in th
Page 9 and 10: Introduction to Unix * matches 0 or
Page 11: Introduction to Unix vi file-name s
Page 15 and 16: Introduction to Unix ! Special Devi
Page 17 and 18: Introduction to Unix Working with F
Page 19 and 20: Introduction to Unix ! Communicatio
Page 21 and 22: Unix Shells 2. UNIX SHELLS Back Quo
Page 23 and 24: Unix Shells ! CASE Statement case t
Page 25 and 26: Unix Shells two lines !Y@Y@Z@Z@ZY c
Page 27 and 28: Unix Shells if $append then tee -a
Page 29 and 30: C Programming - Basics main() { int
Page 31 and 32: C Programming - Basics e.g. i += 2
Page 33 and 34: External Variables A C program cons
Page 35 and 36: C Programming - Basics main.c #incl
Page 37 and 38: C Programming - Basics default: pri
Page 39 and 40: C Programming - Basics struct tnode
Page 41 and 42: Unix Tools 4. UNIX TOOLS Tools of t
Page 43 and 44: Unix Tools Korn shell ! .profile HI
Page 45 and 46: Unix Tools grep "$name" $PHONEBOOK
Page 47 and 48: Unix Tools awk '$3 > 0 { print $1,
Page 49 and 50: Unix Tools END { print max, maxline
Page 51 and 52: Unix Tools Let an example input fil
Page 53 and 54: Unix Tools Brown eqn 1 # output Jon
Page 55 and 56: Development Tools Make looks at the
Page 57 and 58: Development Tools /* compute size o
Page 59 and 60: Development Tools #endif #line cons
Page 61 and 62: Development Tools 1.1 5 lines Retri
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Development Tools In Emacs, you may
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Development Tools */ %{ #define YYS
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C Libraries 6. C LIBRARIES Input an
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C Libraries } while (!feof(fp1)) pu
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C Libraries } free(p); /* what is w
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C Libraries } if ((fp->flag&( _READ
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C Libraries /* dirwalk: apply fcn t
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C Libraries } switch (pid=fork()){
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C Libraries What is curses? - libra
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C Libraries } if ((fd=fopen(argv[1]
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Introduction to kernel 7. INTRODUCT
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82 Introduction to kernel Programs
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Introduction to kernel } { printf("
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Introduction to kernel The kernel r
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Introduction to kernel UNIX Interna
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Introduction to kernel File System
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Introduction to kernel Every proces
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Processes I Process States 1. Execu
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Processes I } printf("%d %s\n", cnt
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Processes I dup (and other similar
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Processes I The u area contains - p
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Processes I The Context of a Proces
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Processes I Process Control use and
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Processes I Although the processes
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Processes I Handling Signals - proc
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Processes I USER=neville PATH=/user
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Processes I ! Shadow Password /etc/
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struct timeval { long tv_sec; /* se
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Processes I F_SETFL set status flag
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Processes I process is the child pr
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Processes I Rules about sharing of
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Processes II 9. PROCESSES (II) FORK
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Processes II /* background.c */ #in
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Processes II } while (1){ printf("p
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Processes II } /* child */ signal (
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Processes II int readline(int fd, c
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Processes II { } char process_name[
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Processes II - Pipe in a single pro
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Processes II System V IPC - message
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Processes II int msgctl(int msqid,
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Processes II For every semop operat
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Processes II /* client loop */ mesg
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I/O Subsystem Drivers frequently sl
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I/O Subsystem Terminal Drivers - In
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I/O Subsystem Canonical Mode algori
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I/O Subsystem Raw Mode Raw mode is
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Figure 43. Pushing a Module onto a
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Interprocess Communication } { ptra
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Interprocess Communication T ID KEY
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Interprocess Communication }; int m
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Interprocess Communication for (i=0
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Interprocess Communication /* struc
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Interprocess Communication ! Compar
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… connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr
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Interprocess Communication Address
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Process Scheduling Page Tables and
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Figure 49. Tie breaker rule Process
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Process Scheduling Clock - restart
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Process Scheduling Figure 57. Mappi
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Figure 62. Sequence of Swapping Ope
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Buffer Cache The kernel takes buffe
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Buffer Cache The kernel places the
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Buffer Cache Process B will find th
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Unix Administration 14. UNIX ADMINI
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Unix Administration Example output
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Unix Administration *) IN=-mtime -2
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Unix Administration Load /Unix kern
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Unix Administration for (i=0; i&i d
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Unix Administration fi done echo $s
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Unix Administration New Software !
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Unix Security Example: group name:g
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Unix Security $ crypt < exam320.Z >
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Unix Security - exported filesystem
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Unix Security system(cmdstr); $ ech
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Unix Security - repairs damaged use
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Working with the Unix OS

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