Working with the Unix OS

Development Tools
5. DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
Program/Project Development Tools
Make rebuild programs when source files are modified
touch put a new time on a file
lint rigorously check program syntax & semantics
cb c beautifier – correctly indent C programs
indent a better program that indents C programs
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UBUNTU: cb is not provided
Indent is not installed
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ctags generates "tags" file used by vi editor for quickly finding function definitions
cc c compiler options
cpp c preprocessor – called by cc
ld link loader – called by cc
size bytes for text, data and bss sections
strip remove symbol & line information from common object file
ar archival libraries e.g. /usr/lib/libxxx.a
diff prints lines that differ in two files
sccs toolkit used for managing revisions of programs and group projects
adb/sdb assembler and symbolic debuggers
dbx source code debugger
tar write file tree to tape/disk
compress compact to save space
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UBUNTU: compress provided as “ncompress” but is not installed
sccs is not provided
adb/sdb is not provided
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lex
yacc
generate c code for lexical analysis
yet another compiler-compiler
MAKE
When a program is written as multiple .c and .h files there can be many steps to recompiling and eventually linking
the entire system. Manually keeping track of which files that need to be recompiled can be a difficult and unreliable
process. To automate this Unix provides the make program.
When invoked, make searches for a text file called "Makefile" or "makefile" which defines the rules for rebuilding
any part or sub-part of a system. In the most common case we wish to rebuild (compile) an object file
corresponding to a .c file.
For example a rule in the makefile like:
# ------------------------
main.a: main.c win.h
cc -DDEBUG -c main.c
# ------------------------
would indicate that to build the target file "main.o" we need the files "main.c" and 'win.h". The commands to create
the target file follow this heading and must be indented, with a (in this case the “cc" command) . Any shell
command may be used.
Programs often consist of many source files, each of which may need to pass through preprocessors, assemblers,
compilers, and other utilities before being combined. Forgetting to recompile a module that has been changed – or
that depends on something you've changed – can lead to frustrating bugs.
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