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Introduction to <strong>Unix</strong><br />
<strong>Working</strong> <strong>with</strong> Files<br />
! Print <strong>Working</strong> directory<br />
When you log in you are placed in your home directory.<br />
$ pwd<br />
! Listing Directory Contents<br />
$ ls short list<br />
$ ll long list<br />
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user group 1000 Feb 1 12:00 filename<br />
permissions number owner group size in time of modification filename<br />
of links<br />
bytes<br />
! Changing your directory<br />
$ cd /usr/local/bin verify <strong>with</strong> command "pwd"<br />
$ cd .. move up one directory<br />
$ cd / change to "root" directory<br />
$ cd return home<br />
! Making and Removing directories<br />
$ mkdir books<br />
$ rmdir texts<br />
! Renaming or moving files<br />
$ mv books texts moves books to texts<br />
! Copying files<br />
$ cp filel file2 copies file1 to file2<br />
! Displaying files<br />
$ cat filename display file on screen<br />
$ more filename waits every screen to continue<br />
$ tail filename displays last 10 lines<br />
$ tail -20 file displays last 20 lines<br />
$ head -30 file display first 30 lines<br />
! Deleting Files<br />
$ rm filename<br />
$ rm -i file confirm before deleting<br />
! Finding Files (mary)<br />
find pathname -name filename -print<br />
e.g. $ find / -name ls -print<br />
! Searching Files<br />
grep keyword filenames<br />
e.g. $ grep user_name /etc/passwd<br />
! Word Count<br />
$ wc /etc/motd count of lines, words, character<br />
$ who | wc -l returns number of users<br />
! Printing files<br />
$ lp filename<br />
lp-201 request ID Note: directory must be "publicly executable"<br />
14
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