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Willams: Seeing through Images 83
systematizer of Huayan thought. Zhiyan, later designated the second
patriarch of the Huayan lineage, was also a member of the Ten Stages
lineages, being a third generation successor of Lingyu. He attained direct
realization through meditation on the “six characteristics” () listed in
the Daśabhūmika-sūtra. For a detailed discussion of Zhiyan, his life, and his
works, see Robert Gimello, “Chih-yen, (602–668) and the Foundations of
Hua-yen Buddhism” (PhD diss., Columbia University, 1976).
63. The four great samādhis are: the radiance of the Mahāyāna; the king of
compiling merit and virtue (ji fude wang, ); the Bhadrapāla (fahu
sanmei, ); the Śūrangama (shoulengyan, ).
64. Da fangguang fo huayan jing shu () (Taishō, vol. 35, no.
1735, p. 879b).
65. Apart from Yamabe’s 1999 dissertation, the Ocean Sutra has been
little studied; no translation into any Western language exists. A Sogdian
fragment translated from the Chinese and corresponding to much of this
chapter (Taishō, vol. 15, no. 643, pp. 690c.5–692c.28), however, exists and
has been much studied. Now kept in the British Library it has been studied
extensively by David MacKenzie, ed. and trans., The Buddhist Sogdian
Texts of the British Library, Acta Iranica, vol. 10. Troisième Série, Textes et
Mémoire, vol. 3 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1976), pp. 1.53–77, 2.49–70, 3.67–108)
who has published a photographic facsimile of the Sogdian translation, an
English translation, notes, a general glossary, and references to all of the
previous scholarship on the text. Among the earlier studies of this fragment
particular mention should be made of Friedrich Weller’s (“Bemerkungen
zum sogdischen Dhyāna-Texte,” Monumenta Serica 2 [1936–1937]: pp. 341–
404; Monumenta Serica 3 [1938]: pp. 78–129) extensive philological study
of the Sogdian and Chinese versions, Émile Benveniste’s extensive notes
to the text, and Paul Demiéville’s French translation, without notes, of the
corresponding Chinese portion of the text.
66. Taishō, vol. 15, no. 643, p. 690c.20–28.
67. Chuan (, also written ), usually glossed as “calf” (feichang, ).
Some translate chuan as calf (Yamabe, “The Sūtra on the Ocean-Like Samādhi,”
pp. 230, 242), some as “thigh” (William Soothill and Lewis Hodous, eds., A
Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms [London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner
and Co., Ltd., 1937], p. 60a, q.v. ). The Sanskrit aiṇeya(eṇiya)-jaṅgha
(Pāli eṇijaṅgha) refers generally to the leg of the aiṇeya deer (or antelope).
In Mahāvyutpatti’s list of the thirty-two marks (#236-267) it is the last mark.
In Mochizuki Bukkyō daijiten (Tokyo: Sekai Seiten Kankōkyōkai, 1958),
treatment of the thirty-two marks (vol. 2, pp. 1554–1560), it is number
8 (vol. 2, p. 1556a); see also Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
Grammar and Dictionary, vol. 2 (New Haven, NJ: Yale University Press,
1953), pp. 155ab, and 158a.