Value Chains research report Tajikistan final - Microfinance Centre

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challenges and lack of experience, many entrepreneurs attempt to export fresh apricots to the Russia. These risks are generously rewarded within two weeks. However, not all business attempts succeed, as apricots are a perishable product. When shipping fresh early apricots to Russia, entrepreneurs face such problems as high ratio of fruit getting overripe while in transit despite being transported in refrigerated trucks. The reason is that the fruit is loaded on trucks straight from the field without being cooled first and the vehicle refrigerator cannot lower the temperature in the middle of the fruit. To avoid this problem, knowledge needs to be spread among the farmers about the need to pre-cool the product before loading in the refrigerated trucks or railroad carriages. This precooling, using either mobile or stationery refrigerated units, is a mandatory practice worldwide. Shipping fresh apricots requires special knowledge of the preparation of fruit, including determination of the ripeness level, sorting, packaging, temperatures, and best practices of loading into the trucks to ensure circulation of cold air and methods of dealing with breakages of refrigerating systems in the trucks, a serious problem. Some entrepreneurs provide logistics services to organize delivery of fresh apricots or other fruit to the Russian markets. Following the value chain volume of 1 truck of fresh apricot, $6,000 USD at the farmers’ level turns into $30,000 USD at the retail market 5 . The difference of $24,000 USD includes the cost of crates, freight forwarding expenses, fuel, about $1,000 USD for customs clearance and paperwork in Tajikistan, the cost of shipment through transit countries, customs clearance at the Russian border, all expenses within Russia, and costs of entry and storage in the market. Thus, the cost of goods sold for early apricots in Russia are $1.80, with the retail price of Tajik fruit reaching $3 USD. Fresh fruit can also be shipped via railroad, in refrigerated carriages. This type of transportation is particularly popular with fresh grapes. Table 9. Export of Stone Fruits from Tajikistan, 2008 and 2010 2008 2010 Tons Amount, 000’ USD Tons Amount, 000’ USD Total 1985 1533 1701 1043 Russia 1956 1515 1538 995 Kazakhstan 29 18 54 12 Kyrgyzstan 35 15 Ukraine 73 20 Other countries 1 1 Source: State Statistic Agency of Tajikistan This table shows that more than 1,700 tonnes of fresh drupaceous (stone fruit) fruit are annually exported from Tajikistan with a total value of more than one million dollars. The export volume has been increasing for the last four years, even though it has not reached the 2004 level when more than 2,636 tonnes of fruit were exported. Most of the exports are shipped to Russia. Packaging Fresh Fruit 5 According Pulot Ashurov. He involved in exporting over 30% of volumes fresh apricot exported from Tajikistan. 20
To transport fresh apricots for export, they are harvested before full ripening to extend their storage life. If necessary, the temperature in the refrigerated truck can be adjusted, depending on the estimated time of arrival to the market. If the delivery is delayed, the storage temperature is lowered to +3 degrees. Wooden and plastic crates are used for harvesting and pre-cooling the apricots. Exporting in plastic crates is deemed too expensive, so wooden crates are used for shipment. The crates are produced from May to September, using local material – popular, not suitable for construction. Apricots are put in wooden crates covered with gauze, in two or three layers. The export of fresh apricot from Tajikistan has very high potential and currently on young stage of development. And with considering that the only Russia (second largest importer of fresh apricot with 34,984 tons 6 ), we could confirm that. Considering our climate, exports of fresh apricots from Tajikistan can be substantially improved. This requires conducting detailed studies in the expected destination countries, with the emphasis on wholesale markets. It is also useful to attend thematic exhibitions. The bottleneck in this segment is the demand for early fresh apricots which can be ensured by establishing export channels. The current absence of such channels and the lack of profitable domestic demand results in the apricots being fed to cattle. Prices offered by canning factories do not justify the cost of the harvesting and transportation of apricots. As a result, farmers often reduce the orchards with fresh varieties and plant other varieties which are more suitable for drying as the demand for dried apricots exists throughout the year. Increasing the export market and domestic demand for early apricots can result in increased farmers’ revenue, which can also improve the profitability per hectare of existing orchards. If exporters guarantee the purchase at higher prices, the farmers will be willing to produce more early apricots for the market. 5.1.2.Dried Apricots The Sub-sector Characteristics of Dried Apricots. The dried fruit market has been established and developing over several decades; farmers have been studying the intricacies of this business in an attempt to earn more income. A large share of all apricots grown in Tajikistan is dried. The areas occupied by varieties that can be dried are increasing yearly, unlike the early varieties. Drying apricots helps farmers increase the storage life and manage this product in the market. Particularly the population of Isfara and Kanibadam consider this product a profitable investment, putting money in the crop during the season and selling as the price increases. The demand for this product is high throughout the year. In addition to small “unorganized” middle men, which appear and disappear quickly, there are people (or groups of people 7 ) who became famous in the local and national market over the last few years. Isfara is a major supplier of dried fruit to the 6 FAO statistics, 2007 7 Referring to groups of people, rather than companies, as these are not officially registered and are acting on the basis of certificates for private entrepreneurial activities. 21
Page 1 and 2: Research on agricultural value chai
Page 3 and 4: List of abbreviation AMFOT - Associ
Page 5 and 6: and watermelon, sixth VCA for potat
Page 7 and 8: Table 1. Institutions/organizations
Page 9 and 10: seminars, providing potato seed, fe
Page 11 and 12: The transaction between the Input d
Page 13 and 14: Table 3: Examples of microfinance i
Page 15 and 16: When describing and analyzing some
Page 17 and 18: fourth with just above 6 thousand h
Page 19: As the table shows, apricots are pr
Page 23 and 24: The export of dried apricots. The e
Page 25 and 26: 5.1.3. Apricots Processed by Cannin
Page 27 and 28: • Retailers are people who sell t
Page 29 and 30: • Strengthen buyer (exporter/proc
Page 31 and 32: Increases in production of vegetabl
Page 33 and 34: traditionally lower in Sughd Region
Page 35 and 36: same as inside Tajikistan, which ma
Page 37 and 38: 3. Entrepreneurs are not interested
Page 39 and 40: 2. Representatives of Tajikmatlubot
Page 41 and 42: 5.3. Open field Tomato value chain
Page 43 and 44: Diagram 2. Tomato Semi-Wholesale Pr
Page 45 and 46: • It is not profitable for farmer
Page 47 and 48: Table 21: Export of canned Tomato P
Page 49 and 50: product is import substitution prod
Page 51 and 52: Table 24: Location the greenhouse a
Page 53 and 54: In general, the wide price fluctuat
Page 55 and 56: Scheme 4. Value Chain for greenhous
Page 57 and 58: produce much more to substitute Uzb
Page 59 and 60: Table 27. Harvesting of Melon and W
Page 61 and 62: Diagram 4. Dynamics of Watermelon P
Page 63 and 64: Scheme 5. Value chain for Watermelo
Page 65 and 66: from sprouting to harvesting lasts
Page 67 and 68: Employment Characteristics The fiel
Page 69 and 70: Big traders purchase potato from co
Page 71 and 72:
Scheme 6. Value Chain Map for Potat
Page 73 and 74:
Opportunities Production: • Poten
Page 75 and 76:
As it shown in table 36, more than
Page 77 and 78:
Traders and Wholesalers Farmers sel
Page 79 and 80:
Lemon pricing is highly seasonal. T
Page 81 and 82:
facilities, in bulk, without crates
Page 83 and 84:
Scheme 7. Lemon Value Chain Markets
Page 85 and 86:
Producers. Grapes are a popular agr
Page 87 and 88:
Scheme 8. Value chain for grape. Ma
Page 89 and 90:
Table 42. Export fresh Grape from T
Page 91 and 92:
2010 total of 1.9 million head. The
Page 93 and 94:
highly contagious diseases in cattl
Page 95 and 96:
Large butchers control the price of
Page 97 and 98:
understanding of the processes. Cur
Page 99 and 100:
variables Up to 1 somoni from a kg
Page 101 and 102:
There are no cattle recording syste
Page 103 and 104:
• Poor using the concentrate feed
Page 105 and 106:
honey are blue cornflower, blueweed
Page 107 and 108:
• Attacks by common bee eater (bi
Page 109 and 110:
Table 52. Seasonality in beekeepers
Page 111 and 112:
Wire and comb foundation are source
Page 113 and 114:
Diagram 6. Places where honey and s
Page 115 and 116:
Traders. Honey marketing agents: Th
Page 117 and 118:
• Facilitating the establishment
Page 119 and 120:
targets group in each value chain.
Page 121 and 122:
Rushdi Dekhot, PO, Khasan Temirov A
Page 123 and 124:
MMC/ATAS, agricultural training and
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Value Chains research report Tajikistan final - Microfinance Centre

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