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measure and monitor the processes and report results ... - Refresco.de

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Hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation<br />

Translation differences on intra­group long­term loans that<br />

effectively constitute an increase or <strong>de</strong>crease in a net investment<br />

in a foreign operation are recognized in o<strong>the</strong>r comprehensive<br />

income in <strong>the</strong> reserve for translation differences.<br />

2.3 Financial instruments<br />

Non­<strong>de</strong>rivative financial instruments<br />

Non­<strong>de</strong>rivative financial instruments comprise investments in<br />

held­to­maturity investments, tra<strong>de</strong> <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r receivables, cash<br />

<strong>and</strong> cash equivalents, loans <strong>and</strong> borrowings, <strong>and</strong> tra<strong>de</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />

o<strong>the</strong>r payables.<br />

Non­<strong>de</strong>rivative financial instruments are recognized initially at<br />

fair value plus, for instruments not at fair value through profit<br />

or loss, any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent<br />

to initial recognition, non­<strong>de</strong>rivative financial instruments are<br />

<strong>measure</strong>d as <strong>de</strong>scribed below.<br />

Cash <strong>and</strong> cash equivalents comprise cash balances, checks in<br />

transit <strong>and</strong> call <strong>de</strong>posits. Bank overdrafts that are repayable<br />

on <strong>de</strong>m<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> form an integral part of <strong>the</strong> cash management<br />

<strong>processes</strong> are inclu<strong>de</strong>d as a component of cash <strong>and</strong> cash<br />

equivalents for <strong>the</strong> purpose of <strong>the</strong> cash flow statement.<br />

The accounting for finance income <strong>and</strong> expense is <strong>de</strong>scribed<br />

in note 2.17.<br />

Held­to­maturity investments<br />

If <strong>the</strong> Group has <strong>the</strong> positive intent <strong>and</strong> ability to hold <strong>de</strong>bt<br />

securities to maturity, <strong>the</strong> securities are classified as heldto­maturity.<br />

Held­to­maturity investments are <strong>measure</strong>d at<br />

amortized cost, using <strong>the</strong> effective interest method, less any<br />

impairment losses.<br />

Derivative financial instruments<br />

The Group holds <strong>de</strong>rivative financial instruments to hedge<br />

its foreign currency <strong>and</strong> interest rate risk exposures.<br />

Derivatives are recognized initially at fair value <strong>and</strong> attributable<br />

transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss when incurred.<br />

Subsequent to initial recognition, <strong>the</strong> <strong>de</strong>rivatives are <strong>measure</strong>d<br />

at fair value. All changes in its fair value are recognized<br />

immediately in profit or loss. Where <strong>the</strong> financial instruments<br />

are held to hedge foreign currency purchases of raw materials<br />

<strong>and</strong> consumables, <strong>the</strong> changes are inclu<strong>de</strong>d in raw materials<br />

<strong>and</strong> consumables used. Where <strong>the</strong> instruments are held to<br />

hedge interest rate risk exposure, <strong>the</strong> changes are inclu<strong>de</strong>d in<br />

finance income <strong>and</strong> expense.<br />

Loans <strong>and</strong> receivables<br />

Loans <strong>and</strong> receivables are non­<strong>de</strong>rivative financial assets with<br />

fixed or <strong>de</strong>terminable payments that are not quoted in an<br />

active market. They are carried at amortized cost using <strong>the</strong><br />

effective interest<br />

method, less any impairment losses. They are inclu<strong>de</strong>d in<br />

current assets, except for loans <strong>and</strong> receivables with maturities<br />

greater than 12 months after <strong>the</strong> balance sheet date.<br />

2.4 Share capital<br />

Ordinary share capital<br />

Ordinary share capital is classified as equity. Incremental costs<br />

directly attributable to <strong>the</strong> issue of ordinary shares <strong>and</strong> share<br />

options are recognized as a <strong>de</strong>duction from equity, net of any<br />

tax effects.<br />

Preference share capital<br />

Preference share capital is classified as equity if it is nonre<strong>de</strong>emable,<br />

or re<strong>de</strong>emable only at <strong>the</strong> Company’s option,<br />

<strong>and</strong> any divi<strong>de</strong>nds are discretionary. Divi<strong>de</strong>nds <strong>the</strong>reon are<br />

recognized as distributions within equity upon approval by<br />

<strong>the</strong> General Meeting of Sharehol<strong>de</strong>rs.<br />

2.5 Non-controlling interest<br />

Non­controlling interest are recognised initially at <strong>the</strong>ir share<br />

of <strong>the</strong> i<strong>de</strong>ntifiable assets, liabilities <strong>and</strong> contingent liabilities<br />

recognised in <strong>the</strong> purchase accounting, excluding goodwill.<br />

Subsequently <strong>the</strong> allocation of profits between <strong>the</strong> parent<br />

<strong>and</strong> non­controlling interest are based on <strong>the</strong> indirect method,<br />

whereby <strong>the</strong> amount allocated to non­controlling interest<br />

represents <strong>the</strong>ir net effective interest in subsidiary.<br />

page _ 66 / 67

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