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BirdsBrown treecreeper re-introduction into eucalyptwoodland in the Australian Capital Territory,AustraliaVictoria A. Bennett 1 , Veronica A.J. Doerr 2 , Erik D. Doerr 3 , Adrian D. Manning 4 ,David B. Lindenmayer 5 & Hwan-Jin Yoon 61 - Fenner School of Environment and Society, Building 141, The Australian NationalUniversity, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia victoria.bennett325@gmail.com2 - CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australiaand Division of Evolution, Ecology, and Genetics, Research School of Biology,Australian National University, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia veronica.doerr@csiro.au3 - CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australiaand Division of Evolution, Ecology, and Genetics, Research School of Biology,Australian National University, Acton, ACT 0200, Australiaerik.doerr@csiro.au4 - Fenner School of Environment and Society, Building 141, The Australian NationalUniversity, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia adrian.manning@anu.edu.au5 - Fenner School of Environment and Society, Building 141, The Australian NationalUniversity, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia david.lindenmayer@anu.edu.au6 - Statistical Consulting Unit, John Dedman Building 27, School of MathematicalSciences, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 0200, AustraliaHwan-jin.yoon@anu.edu.auIntroductionThe brown treecreeper (Climacteris picumnus) is a small ground-foraging birdendemic to eastern Australia. The species is listed as vulnerable under theAustralian Capital Territory Nature Conservation Act 1980 and the New SouthWales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (subspecies victoriae). Thebrown treecreeper is afacultative cooperativebreeder, livingpredominantly ingregarious social groupscomprised of a breedingpair and a number ofoffspring that havedelayed dispersal. Thespecies nests and roostsin tree cavities and isalmost entirelyinsectivorous. There isevidence of dramaticdeclines of this speciesthroughout its range. Themain causes of decline areconsidered to be habitatBrown treecreeper © Veronica Doerr95
Birdsdegradation, such as the loss of tree hollows and components of high qualityground-foraging habitat such as coarse woody debris and ground litter. Further,habitat fragmentation significantly disrupts the recruitment of females owing to theshort-distance dispersal capabilities of the species. Female offspring tend todisperse earlier and further than males, however this is generally only a distanceof 1 - 2 km. The brown treecreeper was re-introduced into Mulligans Flat andGoorooyarroo Nature Reserves, which are two connected eucalypt woodlandreserves that are undergoing ecosystem restoration in south-east Australia. Thespecies was recently locally extinct from these reserves.Goals Goal 1: Installation of experimental restoration treatments in the naturereserves where the re-introduction was to be conducted. The re-introductionand subsequent survival, behavior and habitat use of re-introduced individualswas used to assess the success of these restoration treatments. Goal 2: Successful selection and translocation of brown treecreeper socialgroups from the source population to the re-introduction site. Goal 3: Establish a self-sustaining population based upon survival andreproduction indicators. Goal 4: Intensive monitoring of re-introduced individuals to obtain informationon brown treecreeper behavior, movement and habitat use. Goal 5: Examination of the factors influencing the outcome of the reintroduction.Success Indicators Indicator 1: Successful release of brown treecreepers. Indicator 2: Survival rate over time: survival of 70% of re-introduced adult birds3 days after release, 50% at 4 weeks after release, and 40% at 1 year afterrelease. Indicator 3: Successful reproduction, with the survival of at least one young tofledgling from at least one social group within two years. Indicator 4: Detailed examination of data collected on brown treecreepersurvival, behavior, movement, and habitat use to provide unique informationregarding this species in an unfamiliar, experimentally restored environment.Project SummaryFeasibility: Brown treecreepers were sourced from populations 200 km westof the release site, in the Murrumbidgee region of New South Wales, Australia.These source populations were the most appropriate for re-introduction as theyhad been studied extensively, the birds’ social relationships were known, and thepopulations were considered sufficiently stable and large to allow the removal ofsome individuals without compromising the stability of the populations.The reserves where re-introduction took place, Mulligans Flat and GoorooyarrooNature Reserves (measuring 1,623 ha), are the site of a large long-termrestoration project. Habitat manipulations in these reserves included the additionof 2,000 tons of coarse woody debris, management of variation in ground96
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Global Re-introductionPerspectives:
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The designation of geographical ent
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CONTENTSLetter from Shaikha Al Dhah
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Shaikha Al Dhaheri,Executive Direct
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An overview and analysis of the re-
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Invertebratesas a UK species byincr
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Invertebratesrestore hydrological c
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InvertebratesThe translocation of t
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Invertebratesrelease sites for over
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FishInvertebratesExamining genetic
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FishInvertebratesyears of negative
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FishInvertebratesdisrupting benefic
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Fishwith irregular shores and botto
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Fish Stocking ofbroodfishes innatur
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FishSuccess of projectHighly Succes
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Fish22Goal 4: Removal of alienfish
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FishMajor lessons learned Although
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FishSetting the stage for conservat
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FishTemporary fish movement barrier
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Fish30years (2002 - 2004). By 2005
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Fishin an adaptive manner and led t
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Amphibians Indicator 2:Thedistribut
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AmphibiansMajor difficulties faced
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Reptilessnakes to the Conecuh Natio
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Reptilesindividuals studied near th
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ReptilesExperimental translocation
Page 59 and 60: ReptilesImplementation: We did an i
Page 61 and 62: ReptilesSuccess of projectHighly Su
Page 63 and 64: Reptilesappropriate managementand i
Page 66 and 67: Reptiles Small enough VHFtagswith l
Page 68 and 69: BirdsRe-introduction of vinaceous A
Page 70 and 71: BirdsThe door is closed at night(to
Page 72 and 73: Birdsmore aggressive ones, and re e
Page 74 and 75: Birds Sub-Goal 1: To keep acaptive
Page 76 and 77: Birdsdaytime. All individuals were
Page 78 and 79: BirdsRe-introduction of brown-heade
Page 80 and 81: BirdsAviaries were constructed to b
Page 82 and 83: Birds High rates of reproduction an
Page 84 and 85: Birdsdifferent locations (see: www.
Page 86 and 87: Birdsthat include natural nesting c
Page 88 and 89: BirdsBrekke, P., Bennett, P. M., Sa
Page 90 and 91: Birdsacted as the source for anaugm
Page 92 and 93: Birdsfood was provided in andaround
Page 94 and 95: Birds The re-introduction program p
Page 96 and 97: Birdsconsidered a ‘flagship’spe
Page 98 and 99: Birdsestablished in the U.S. toaid
Page 100 and 101: BirdsRe-introduction of the orienta
Page 102 and 103: Birdsfledged, with 29 of them still
Page 104 and 105: BirdsIUCN (1998) Guidelines for Re-
Page 106 and 107: Birdscontrol on ShanganiRanch, so t
Page 108 and 109: Birdswhen cattle were rounded up. S
Page 112 and 113: Birdsvegetation cover throughkangar
Page 114 and 115: Birdstreecreeper nataldispersers. T
Page 116 and 117: Birds The Norman Wettenhall Foundat
Page 118 and 119: Birds Goal 4: Use the bluebird as a
Page 120 and 121: BirdsMajor difficultiesfaced In 200
Page 122 and 123: MammalsRe-introduction and recovery
Page 124 and 125: MammalsImplementation:Captive breed
Page 126 and 127: Mammalsrecognized thatinterbreeding
Page 128 and 129: Mammalsre-introduced population of
Page 130 and 131: Mammals Continued research and moni
Page 132 and 133: Mammalsyears. In 1998 the UnitedSta
Page 134 and 135: Mammals Poor husbandry in livestock
Page 136 and 137: Mammalsof two connected reintroduce
Page 138 and 139: MammalsOverall mortality duringthe
Page 140 and 141: MammalsRe-introduction of the brown
Page 142 and 143: Mammals~1,700 km 2 for supporting a
Page 144 and 145: MammalsMajor lessons learned Import
Page 146 and 147: MammalsTranslocation of Hawaiian mo
Page 148 and 149: Mammalsthe scale of translocations.
Page 150 and 151: Mammals Weaned pups aremost amenabl
Page 152 and 153: MammalsRe-introduction and suppleme
Page 154 and 155: Mammalscomposition of the groups re
Page 156 and 157: MammalsShangangwe enclosurewere ini
Page 158 and 159: MammalsRe-introduction of Père Dav
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Mammalssangunalis and Setariaviridi
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MammalsSuccess of projectHighly Suc
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Mammalsfor Lichtenstein’s hartebe
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Mammalsdensity in excess of 0.05/km
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MammalsGoals Goal 1: Development of
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Mammalst 43 =2.85, P
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Mammalsor put themselves at risk re
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MammalsEstablishing new populations
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MammalsSeveral studies have resulte
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Mammals Conventional single-species
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MammalsPark and JaldaparaWildlife S
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MammalsMajor lessons learned Good u
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MammalsGoals Goal 1: Establish andm
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MammalsThe rapid herd growth at Tom
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MammalsSuccess of projectHighly Suc
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Mammalsspecies in over twentyyears.
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Mammalsgazelles (1 male:4females) w
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MammalsOstrowski, S. & Williams, J.
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Mammals Goal 4: To provide social a
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MammalsHowever, the LOW elk populat
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MammalsReferencesBellhouse, T. & Br
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MammalsSuccess Indicators Indicator
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MammalsMajor lessons learned The ro
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Mammals Goal 4: An increase ofa num
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Mammals Uncontrolled losses of anim
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Mammals Indicator 3: Get practical
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MammalsRelease of wood bison from t
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Mammalsrecreational fee hunt thatge
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MammalsJust prior to delisting TESF
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MammalsRominger, E. M., H. A. Whitl
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MammalsEnvironment Protectionand Bi
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Mammalscamera traps have beendeploy
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Mammalsdirections. This reorganizat
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Mammalsstatus of existing imperiled
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MammalsMajor difficultiesfaced Esta
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MammalsThe release of northeast Bor
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Mammalsconsidering the proximity of
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MammalsMajor difficulties faced Mai
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Mammalsthis goal. However, the conf
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Mammalsrehabilitated chimpanzees an
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Mammals2010). All fully adult sized
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Mammalsopen and topographically uni
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MammalsPreliminary observations fro
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Mammalsspecial emphasis on the wool
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Mammalslong season of relative scar
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MammalsRe-introduction of bobcats t
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Mammalsfacility on the mainland for
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Mammals The use of locally adapted,
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PlantsRe-introduction of Manglietia
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PlantsImplementation:From 2008 to 2
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PlantsSuccess of projectHighly Succ
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Plantscoastal belt resulting inthe
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Plantsstep to execute theprojects.
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Plants Plantation maintenance funds
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Plantsenvironment at a Sand Hillsit
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Plantsplantation site. Eastern port
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PlantsFirst steps for the conservat
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Plantstesting the germplasm quality
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Plantsplanted sites show good survi
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PlantsConservation introduction of
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Plantsnatural population.Ongoing mo
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PlantsExperimental translocation of
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Plantscovering a proportion ofemerg
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Plants The highly effective 2 m hig
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Plantsmost outlier for thespecies,
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Plantssnails, slugs or caterpillars
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PlantsConservation introduction of
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Plantsdistribution of Bakersfield c
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PlantsReferencesCypher, B. L., B. D
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