Clean Sweep Programs - US Environmental Protection Agency

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The Clean Sweep Reportenvironment. To support this effort, GLNPO hasconsistently funded Clean Sweep programs over theyears through Great Lakes-wide initiatives andprojects that were specific to individual lakes.Teams devoted to restoring and protecting each ofthe Great Lakes also sponsor Clean Sweeps toachieve specific toxin reduction goals.1.3 What laws and regulations apply toClean Sweep programs?The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, andRodenticide Act (FIFRA) and its related regulationsestablish standards for the registration (licensing),sale, distribution, use and labeling of pesticides.When the decision is made to discard a pesticide, itbecomes a waste and therefore is subject to theResource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).Under the federal regulations establishedunder RCRA, 5 a discarded pesticide is a solidwaste. Solid wastes are defined to include solids,liquids and gases. Although there are regulatoryexemptions from being a solid waste, they generallydo not apply. The RCRA regulations establishcriteria for determining whether a solid waste is ahazardous waste, and therefore subject to moreextensive and stringent hazardous waste regulations.Some, but not all, pesticides are consideredhazardous waste when disposed. The criteria fordefining hazardous waste are complex and should beconsulted when determining if a discarded pesticideis a hazardous waste, but some of the most relevantparts of the regulations include the following:• Some solid wastes, such as household waste,are specifically exempted from the definition ofhazardous wastes. Regardless of the compositionof a pesticide or its characteristics, apesticide that is discarded by a household is notregulated as a hazardous waste.• A solid waste can be defined as a hazardouswaste if it is included on one of four specific listsin the regulations. The two most relevant are thelist of discarded commercial chemical productsthat are acute hazardous wastes (with codesbeginning with P, e.g., P004 for aldrin) and thelist of discarded commercial chemical productsthat are toxic wastes (the U-coded waste). Inaddition, the list of hazardous waste from nonspecificsources (the F-coded waste) includesone relevant entry for certain discarded unusedformulations. Appendix II contains a table withthe RCRA-listed pesticides.• A solid waste can be defined as a hazardouswaste by showing one of four characteristicsdefined in the regulations: ignitability, corrosivity,reactivity or toxicity.The hazardous waste regulations includerequirements for identifying, handling, storing,transporting, tracking (manifesting), treating anddisposing of the waste.6 The regulations identifythe generator of the hazardous waste – the personwho first creates or produces the waste – as theparty responsible for correctly identifying it ashazardous waste, complying with storage limits, andensuring proper treatment and disposal. Thisregulatory requirement, like many others, affects thestructure and procedures of Clean Sweep programs.Some of the key requirements in the hazardouswaste regulations are described throughout thereport when they relate to a specific aspect of CleanSweep programs. However, the regulations are5The federal hazardous waste regulations are located in 40 CFR Parts 260 through 273. The definitions of solid waste and hazardouswaste are in 40 CFR Part 261. The standards for universal waste management are in 40 CFR Part 273.6See RCRA web site at http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hotline/rcra.htm5
Section 1 Introductionextensive and a complete summary is beyond thescope of this report.The hazardous waste regulations alsoinclude the Universal Waste Rule, a set of streamlinedhazardous waste management regulationsgoverning the collection and management of certainwidely generated wastes, known as universalwastes. Universal wastes include batteries,mercury-containing thermostats, certain hazardouswaste pesticides including those collected ingovernment-run collection and disposal programs,and hazardous waste lamps. Since the UniversalWaste Rule is very important and helpful to theoperation of Clean Sweep programs, it is discussedin detail in section 4.2.In addition, the U.S. Department ofTransportation (DOT) has requirements for thetransportation, marking and packaging of hazardousmaterials (which include some pesticides) andhazardous wastes. These DOT regulations,established under the Hazardous MaterialsTransportation Act, also affect the structure andoperations of Clean Sweep programs as describedin section 4.1.1.4 Why do Clean Sweep programs exist?Over time, pesticide users accumulatepesticides that they no longer want. Improperdisposal of these pesticides can lead to environmentalproblems such as contamination of groundwater,soils, plants, and animals. There are many reasonswhy pesticides become obsolete or unusable andwhy quantities accumulate, including but not limitedto:• The pesticide product is canceled and its usesuspended;• The farmer discontinued growing the crop forwhich the pesticide was bought;• The pesticide user purchased an excessiveamount of the pesticide or has containers with apartial amount of unused pesticide;• An alternative pesticide becomes available thatis safer, more effective and/or cheaper;• The pesticide formulation is damaged, forexample, due to caking or solidification;• The integrity and effectiveness of the pesticide iscompromised due to its age;• The pesticide container (e.g., an aerosol can) isold and damaged or ripped (e.g., a bag) and canno longer be used, or the label has beenobliterated and is unreadable;• The pesticide’s use on a crop has been removedfrom newer labels and, although farmers may stilllegally use older products according to the label,they may choose not to;• The user does not know how to properlydispose of the unwanted pesticides or believesdisposal will be too expensive;• The pesticide is abandoned; for example, bydeceased users or found on purchased property.Government officials and the agriculturalcommunity had become increasingly aware that thecontinued storage of unwanted pesticides was not adesirable situation. They needed a safe way tocollect and dispose of canceled, outdated, degraded,unusable or otherwise unwanted pesticides.State and local officials took the lead in this effort,and Clean Sweep programs are the result.Clean Sweep programs for farmers areanalogous to Household Hazardous Waste (HHW)collection programs for homeowners. Many homeshave places where unwanted materials such asmotor oil, antifreeze, paints, household disinfectants,and lawn and garden pesticides accumulate. Thesematerials are typically stored in garages, basements,storage rooms, and closets. State and localgovernments have long recognized the need tocollect and safely dispose of such materials, which is6
Page 1 and 2: ForewordThe states and some countie
Page 3 and 4: Table of ContentsSECTIONFOREWORDTAB
Page 5 and 6: List of Figures and TablesNumber Ti
Page 7 and 8: State IndexAlabamaAlaskaArizonaArka
Page 9 and 10: Executive SummaryParticipants. Alth
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summarypounds. States wan
Page 14 and 15: Section 1 IntroductionFor the past
Page 16: The Clean Sweep Reportshort-term or
Page 21 and 22: Section 1 Introductionfunded, conti
Page 23 and 24: Section 2 Clean Sweep Program Opera
Page 25 and 26: Section 2Clean Sweep Program Operat
Page 35 and 36: Section 2Clean Sweep Program Operat
Page 45 and 46: Section 3 Clean Sweep Program Resul
Page 51 and 52: Table 11 Total Amount of Pesticides
Page 57 and 58: 44Table 13 Specific Pesticides Trac
Page 59 and 60: Table 14 Quantity of the Most Commo
Page 61 and 62: Section 4 Challenges and Opportunit
Page 67 and 68:
Section 4 Challenges and Opportunit
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Section 4 Challenges and Opportunit
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Section 5 Observations5.2 The unit
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Section 5ObservationsTable 17: Tota
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Section 5 Observations5.3 Reliable
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Section 5 Observationsamount annual
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Appendix INOTES on STATE “ATA GLA
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ALABAMA AT A GLANCESince 1994 Alaba
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ALASKA AT A GLANCEAlaska conducts s
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ARIZONA AT A GLANCEArizona does not
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ARKANSAS AT A GLANCEThe Arkansas St
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CALIFORNIA AT A GLANCESince 1989 Ca
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COLORADO AT A GLANCEAn EPA grant an
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YearColorado Table 1 - Quantity of
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Summary of Connecticut Waste Pestic
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Summary of Delaware Waste Pesticide
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Summary of Florida Waste Pesticide
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GEORGIA AT A GLANCEGeorgia has cond
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HAWAII AT A GLANCEHawaii conducted
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IDAHO AT A GLANCEIdaho’s permanen
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ILLINOIS AT A GLANCESince its first
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Illinois attempted a swap program i
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Summary of Indiana Waste Pesticide
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IOWA AT A GLANCESince 1991 Iowa has
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YearIowa Table 1 - Quantity of Pest
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Summary of Kansas Waste Pesticide D
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KENTUCKY AT A GLANCEKentucky conduc
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LOUISIANA AT A GLANCELouisiana coll
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MAINE AT A GLANCEMaine conducted it
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MARYLAND AT A GLANCEThe Maryland De
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MASSACHUSETTS AT A GLANCEMassachuse
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MICHIGAN AT A GLANCEMichigan’s pe
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MINNESOTA AT A GLANCESince 1989 Min
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Minnesota Table 1 - Quantity of Pes
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Summary of Mississippi Waste Pestic
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Summary of Missouri Waste Pesticide
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Summary of Montana Waste Pesticide
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Summary of Nebraska Waste Pesticide
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Summary of Nevada Waste Pesticide D
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Summary of New Hampshire Waste Pest
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Summary of New Jersey Waste Pestici
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New Jersey Table 3 - County-by-Coun
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Summary of New Mexico Waste Pestici
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Summary of New York Waste Pesticide
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churches, schools and businesses. P
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NORTH CAROLINA AT A GLANCENorth Car
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North Carolina Table 1 - Quantity o
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Summary of North Dakota Waste Pesti
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Summary of Ohio Waste Pesticide Dis
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OKLAHOMA AT A GLANCEOklahoma does n
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OREGON AT A GLANCESince 1991 Oregon
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PENNSYLVANIA AT A GLANCEIn 1993 Pen
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RHODE ISLAND AT A GLANCERhode Islan
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SOUTH CAROLINA AT A GLANCESouth Car
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SOUTH DAKOTA AT A GLANCESince 1993
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TENNESSEE AT A GLANCEThe Tennessee
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TEXAS AT A GLANCESince 1992 Texas h
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YearNumberof SitesTexas Table 1 - Q
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UTAH AT A GLANCESince 1993 Utah has
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VERMONT AT A GLANCEVermont first co
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VIRGINIA AT A GLANCEVirginia conduc
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YearQuantity ofPesticides(pounds)Vi
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Summary of Washington Waste Pestici
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Summary of West Virginia Waste Pest
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Summary of Wisconsin Waste Pesticid
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WYOMING AT A GLANCEIn 1992 Wyoming
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Appendix II - Pesticides That are R
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Appendix IIU044 chloroform U080 met
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Appendix IIIB. Availability Contrac
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Appendix III4. Federal Hazardous Ma
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Appendix III22. INDEPENDENT CONTRAC
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Appendix IIIContractor further agre
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Appendix III33. CONTRACTOR’S DUTI
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Appendix IIIC. Any deviation of mor
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Appendix III45. MERGER CLAUSEThis a
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Appendix IVOnyx Environmental Servi
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State Pre-89 1989 1990 1991 1992 19
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State pre-89 1989 1990 1991 1992 19
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Appendix VILouisiana: Division of P
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Appendix VII - Sample Emergency Pla
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Appendix VIIICOMPARISON OF PESTICID
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StateEstimated(lbs. A.I.)Total Used
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