The Health bulletin [serial] - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

THE HEALTH BULLETIN. 269and harder to build, and, as a matterof fact, they do not ventilate as well asscreened openings at both ends ofOLD OPEN-BACK PRIVIES CLOSED UP.theThese privies are now provided with pails whichare removed trom the front anil the backs areweatherboarded up fly tight. They illustrate aneasy way of remodeling existing privies.seat box. There is no draft in thesechimneys, because there is no stove orfireplace to furnish hot smoke and expandedair.Remodeling Old Privies.To make a sanitary privy out of anold open-back privy, all that is necessaryis to make the back of the privyfly-tight by weatherboarding it, put ina floor or fill up under the privy withearth until a heavy galvanized ironcan at least fourteen inches high andfourteen inches in diameter can b3placed close up under the seat, andthen fasten the seat top by means ofhinges so that it may be raised like alid and the cans removed and replacedfrom the front. Such alterations usuallycost from about fifty cents to twoor three dollars per privy.An effort should be made to havethe entire privy made as nearly flyproofas possible. Besides taking theprecaution of having a trap door overthe hole in the seat, the openings inthe sides of the privy near the topshould be covered with glass, and thedoor should be kept closed at all timesby means of a spring hinge. In theaccompanying cut are shown severalold open-back insanitary privies whichhave been remodeled and made sanitaryat very little expense. The chimneyson these might well have beenomitted, but the cut illustrates themethod of excluding flies and animalsfrom the fecal matter.Sanitary privies in cities contemplateregular scavenger service. Thebest plan is to have a scavenger witha platform spring wagon make regularweekly collections, replacing the filledor partly filled cans with empty cans.Such a method is shown in the cut onthe next page. The cans takenfrom the privies are hauled to a seweropening or specially constructed manhole,which in this case was made ina corner of the brick building just beyondthe wagon. This opening intothe sewer is shown in the small cut below,together with the small hand hoseused in washing out the cans. ByBySewer opening into which cans are emptied.moans of small hand-hose cans are rinsed out clean.using water tiglit cans the fecal matterand urine is always in liquid formand easily emptied from the cans. Bymeans of the small hand hose tlie cancan be easily rinsed out, and, if de-