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Revision 2.2Chapter 5 – SPI ProtocolSD Card Product ManualEvery data block has a prefix or ‘start block’ token (one byte). After a data block isreceived the card will respond with a data-response token, and if the data block is receivedwith no errors, it will be programmed. As long as the card is busy programming, acontinuous stream of busy tokens will be sent to the host (effectively holding the dataOutline low).Once the programming operation is completed, the host must check the results of theprogramming using the SEND_STATUS command (CMD13). Some errors (e.g., addressout of range, write protect violation, etc.) are detected during programming only. The onlyvalidation check performed on the data block and communicated to the host via the dataresponsetoken is CRC and general Write Error indication.In multiple-block write operations, the stop transmission is done by sending, at thebeginning of the next block, a Stop Tran token, instead of a Start Block token. In case ofWrite Error indication (on the data response) the host shall useSEND_NUM_WR_BLOCKS (ACMD22) in order to get the number of well written writeblocks. The data token’s description is given in Section 5.17.Figure 5-5 Multiple Block Write OperationFrom hostto cardFrom cardto hostStart blocktokenData fromhost tocardDataresponseand busyfrom cardData fromhost tocardStop trantokenDataInCommandDataBlockDataBlockDataOutResponseData_Response BusyData_Response Busy BusyResetting the CS signal while the card is busy does not terminate the programming process.The card releases the dataOut line (tristate) and continues to program. If the card is reselectedbefore the programming has finished, the dataOut line will be forced back to lowand all commands will be rejected.Re-setting a card (using CMD0) will terminate any pending or active programmingoperation. This may destroy the data formats on the card. It is the host’s responsibility toprevent it.5.6 Erase and Write Protect ManagementThe erase and write protect management procedures in the SPI mode are identical to theSD Bus mode. While the card is erasing or changing the write protection bits of thepredefined sector list it will be in a busy state and will hold the dataOut line low. Figure 5-6illustrates a “no data” bus transaction with and without busy signaling.© 2004 SanDisk Corporation 5-4 12/08/04
Revision 2.2Chapter 5 – SPI ProtocolSD Card Product ManualFigure 5-6No Data OperationsFrom Hostto CardDataInCommandFrom Cardto HostCommandFrom Hostto CardFrom Cardto HostDataOutResponseResponseBusy5.7 Read CID/CSD RegistersUnlike the SD bus protocol (where the register contents are sent as a command response),reading the contents of the CSD and CID registers in SPI mode is a simple read-blocktransaction. The card will respond with a standard response token followed by a data blockof 16 bytes suffixed with a 16-bit CRC.The data time out for the CSD command cannot be set to the card TAAC since this value isstored in the CSD. Therefore, the standard response time-out value (N CR ) is used for readlatency of the CSD Register.5.8 Reset SequenceThe SD Memory Card requires a defined reset sequence. After power on reset or CMD0(software reset) the card enters an idle state. At this state the only valid host commands areACMD41 (SD_SEND_OP_COND), CMD58 (READ_OCR) and CMD59(CRC_ON_OFF). For the Thick (2.1mm) SD Memory Card - CMD1 (SEND_OP_COND)is also valid - that means that in SPI mode CMD1 and ACMD41 have the same behavior,though the usage of CMD41 is preferable because it allows easy distinguishing betweenSD Memory Card and MultiMediaCard. For the Thin (1.4mm) SD Card CMD1(SEND_OP_COND) is illegal command during the initialization that is done after poweron. After Power On, once the card accepted valid ACMD41, it will be able to accept alsoCMD1 even if used after re-initializing (CMD0) the card. It was defined in such way inorder to be able to distinguish between Thin SD Memory Card and MultiMediaCards (thatsupports CMD1 as well).The host must poll the card (by repeatedly sending CMD1 or ACMD41) until the ‘in-idlestate’bit in the card response indicates (by being set to 0) that the card completed itsinitialization processes and is ready for the next command.In SPI mode, as opposed to SD mode, ACMD41 (or CMD1 as well, for 2.1mm-SD Card)has no operands and does not return the contents of the OCR register. Instead, the host mayuse CMD58 (available in SPI mode only) to read the OCR register. Furthermore, it is in theresponsibility of the host to refrain from accessing cards that do not support its voltagerange.The usage of CMD58 is not restricted to the initializing phase only, but can be issued at anytime.© 2004 SanDisk Corporation 5-5 12/08/04
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SanDisk SD Card

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